Đề thi Đánh giá năng lực Bộ Quốc phòng phần Tiếng Anh (có đáp án) - Đề số 4

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank from 131 to 135.

    Although your personality may be inherited to some degree, it is clearly also (131) _______ by the people around you. But as you enter your teenage years, who plays the more significant role in this process: your family or your friends?          

    During the early years of your life, you primarily (132) _______ your time with your family. Even though your parents take responsibility for shaping your behaviour, it is probably your siblings who have the greatest effect. For example, how you interact with your brother or sister while playing games may affect how competitive or conciliatory you become. Similarly, you are more likely to be thick-skinned (133) _______ sibling!         

    However, once you enter your teenage years, you spend less time with your family and more time with your friends. Moreover, you start to become more aware of your own (134) _______ and how you would like to develop. Consequently, you may choose friends whose personality traits you admire. You may even go so far as to emulate those traits. At the same time, you may start to distance yourself from your family, (135) _______, since that is part of growing up and becoming more independent.         

    Although your family remains an important part of your life, it is clear to me that, during your teenage years, your social circle exerts a greater influence. Many aspects of your personality from childhood can survive, but new ones will develop as you make your way towards adulthood with the help of your friends.

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to answer each question from 136 to 140. 

    Sylvia Earle is an underwater explorer and marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She became interested in the world’s oceans from an early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach for hours and look at the sea, wondering what it must be like under the surface.

    When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive, which motivated her to become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under water and has led more than seventy expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive ever, reaching a record – breaking depth of 381 metres.

    In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all-female team to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater “house”. The research they carried out showed the damage that pollution was causing to marine life, and especially to coral reefs. Her team also studied the problem of overfishing. Fishing methods meant that people were catching too many fish, Earle warned, and many species were in danger of becoming extinct.

    Since then, she has written several books and magazine articles in which she suggests ways of reducing the damage that is being done to the world’s oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely on fish farms for seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she no longer eats seafood herself, she realizes the importance it plays in our diets. It would be wrong to tell people they should stop eating fish from the sea, she says, however, they need to reduce the impact they are having on the ocean’s supplies.

Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to answer each question from 141 to 145.

    The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season began with several serious uncontrolled fires in June 2019. Hundreds of fires have been or are still burning, mainly in the southeast of the country.

    As of 14 January 2020, fires this season have burnt an estimated 18.6 million hectares, destroyed over 5,900 buildings (including 2,779 homes) and killed at least 34 people. It was estimated on 8 January 2020 that more than one billion animals were killed by bushfires in Australia, while more than 800 million animals perished in New South Wales. Ecologists feared some endangered species were driven to extinction by the fires. The loss of an estimated 8,000 koalas caused concerns. Fire also damaged 500-year-old rock art at Anaiwan in northern New South Wales, with the intense and rapid temperature change of the fires cracking the granite rock. This caused panels of art to fracture and fall off the huge boulders that contain the galleries of art. At the Budj Bim heritage areas in Victoria the Gunditjmara people reported that when they inspected the site after fires moved across it, they found ancient channels and ponds that were newly visible after the fires burned much of the vegetation off the landscape. Air quality has dropped to hazardous levels. The cost of dealing with the bushfires is expected to exceed the 4.4 billion Australia dollar of the 2009 Black Saturday fires, and tourism sector revenues have fallen more than 1 billion Australia dollar. By 7 January 2020, the smoke had moved approximately 11,000 kilometres across the South Pacific Ocean to Chile and Argentina. As of 2 January 2020, NASA estimated that 306 million tonnes of CO2 was emitted. What is more, several firefighters – called firies in Australia – were killed or injured. Many firefighters were volunteers and laid-off fire management staffs asked to go back to work without pay.

    As with all disasters and large-scale emergencies, it is most effective to donate money to groups already engaged and coordinating on the ground at the disaster site. They often have the ability to take that monetary donation and double or triple its value through their local partnerships. Do not donate hard goods such as clothing, food and water, medications or other items unless there is a specific request from an organization already working in Australia. Organizations engaged in this disaster are already stretched beyond their capacity and they are unable to effectively receive, sort or distribute donated goods at this time.