Đề thi thử ĐGNL Đại học Khoa học và Công nghệ Hà Nội môn Tiếng Anh có đáp án - Đề số 4

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.

          Cultural erosion, signifying the gradual reduction or loss of cultural identity, traditions, and practices within a specific group or society, (21) ________ from several factors. Globalization, with its increased interconnectedness and exchange of ideas and products, exposes local cultures (22) ________ dominant global trends, often originating from Western societies.

          The pervasive influence of global entertainment industries plays a significant role in (23) ________ these dominant cultural norms and values, sometimes overshadowing local cultural expressions.

          Another key aspect to consider is economic pressure. The pursuit of economic development, while often necessary, can inadvertently lead to cultural (24) ________. For instance, the standardization of education systems to meet global economic demands might prioritize skills relevant to international markets (25) ________ the transmission of local cultural knowledge and languages.

Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best answer to each of the questions from 26 to 30.

          Over the past ten years, data privacy has evolved from a mainly technical issue into a major social challenge. Every day, individuals generate large volumes of behavioral data through online messaging, smartphone tracking, and internet browsing. These digital footprints, once treated as simple metadata, have now become highly valuable. Companies exploit them to improve targeted advertising, while governments increasingly depend on advanced surveillance technologies to monitor populations with greater accuracy. Consequently, personal data is continuously gathered, processed, and reused, often without users fully understanding or truly consenting to it.

          Although technology firms argue that data collection improves user experience through personalized recommendations, predictive search, and location-based services, these advantages hide a clear power imbalance. Most users do not clearly know how their information is stored, shared, or monetized. Privacy policies are typically long and complex, making informed consent largely superficial. This lack of transparency has normalized widespread data extraction.

          Politically, reduced data privacy raises serious concerns. In authoritarian regimes, sophisticated surveillance systems track citizens’ activities, communications, and relationships, often without effective oversight. Even in democratic nations, tools such as facial recognition and biometric databases blur the line between security and intrusion. Once collected, data forms an enduring record that can later be used against journalists, activists, or vulnerable communities, threatening both individual freedom and democratic stability.

          Economic pressures further worsen the problem. The expanding “surveillance economy” depends on personal data, as companies compete to build detailed user profiles. Data brokers, often weakly regulated, trade this information with advertisers and political actors with little transparency, encouraging aggressive data collection and reducing accountability, leaving even well-intentioned organizations conflicted about prioritizing user privacy.

          Despite growing public concern, regulation remains inconsistent. Policies like the EU’s GDPR attempt to limit misuse, but enforcement is uneven and struggles to keep up with rapid AI development. Therefore, protecting privacy requires more than minor legal reforms; it demands a complete redesign of digital systems and their governance.