Trắc nghiệm Chuyên đề 5: Writing có đáp án (Phần 2)
231 câu hỏi
Vegetarians don’t eat meat.
=> If you’re a vegetarian, ____________________________________________
Đáp án: If you’re a vegetarian, you won’t eat meat.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Câu điều kiện
Câu gốc là một sự thật chung (Vegetarians don’t eat meat), nên khi viết lại dưới dạng câu điều kiện loại 1 (dùng để diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai gần), ta dùng:
If + hiện tại đơn, will + V-inf
Dịch: Nếu bạn là người ăn chay, bạn sẽ không ăn thịt.
People who live in a cold country don t like hot weather.
=> If you live______________________________________________________
If you live in a cold country, you won’t like hot weather.
Teachers have to work very hard.
=> If you’re a teacher,_______________________________________________
If you’re a teacher, you will have to work very hard.
People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.
=> If you__________________________________________________________
Đáp án: If you do a lot of exercise, you will stay fit and healthy.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Câu điều kiện
Câu gốc diễn tả một sự thật chung (người tập thể dục nhiều thì khỏe mạnh).
Khi chuyển sang câu điều kiện loại 1, ta sử dụng:
Mệnh đề If: hiện tại đơn (If you do a lot of exercise, …)
Mệnh đề chính: tương lai đơn (… you will stay fit and healthy.)
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu).
Dịch: Nếu bạn tập thể dục nhiều, bạn sẽ giữ được vóc dáng và khỏe mạnh.
Mechanics understand engines.
=> If you’re a______________________________________________________
If you’re a mechanic, you will understand engines.
People who read newspapers know what’s happening in the world.
=> If you _________________________________________________________
If you read newspapers, you will know what’s happening in the world.
Eating healthy foods is very important.
=> It is
It is very important to eat healthy foods.
I suggest having spaghetti and pizza tonight.
=> Let’s_______________________________________________________________
Let’s have spaghetti and pizza tonight.
You need to peel the onion and slice it.
=> The onion__________________________________________
Đáp án: The onion needs to be peeled and sliced.
Giải thích:
- Câu chủ đông: S + need + to V + O.
- Câu bị động: O + need + to + be + V(p2) + (by S).
Dịch: Củ hành cần được lột vỏ và thái lát.
Follow these safety instructions or you may get burnt.
=> If you ____________________________________
Đáp án: If you don’t follow these safety instructions, you may get burnt.
Giải thích:
Câu điều kiện loại 1: If + S + V(s, es)..., S + will/may/... + V-inf: diễn tả một sự việc, hành động nào đó có thể xảy ra ở hoặc trong tương lai thông qua một điều kiện cụ thể.
Dịch: Hãy tuân theo những hướng dẫn an toàn này nếu không bạn có thể bị bỏng.
= Nếu bạn không tuân theo những hướng dẫn an toàn này, bạn có thể bị bỏng.
My aunt has never tasted sushi before.
=> This is ___________________________________________________________________
This is the first time (that) my aunt has ever tasted sushi.
Combine two sentences into one, using the connectives from the list: and, but, because, so, therefore, or, moreover, however, if, when, unless.
1. You can’t borrow my dictionary. You bring it back on Monday.
___________________________________________________________________
You can’t borrow my dictionary unless you bring it back on Monday.
The cost of installation is very high. Solar domestic heating systems are economical to use.
___________________________________________________________________
The cost of installation is very high, but solar domestic heating systems are economical
to use.
Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house. The Sun’s energy is used to heat water.
___________________________________________________________________
Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house and the Sun’s energy is used to heat water.
I don’t agree with a lot of his teaching methods. He is a good teacher.
___________________________________________________________________
I don’t agree with a lot of his teaching methods. However, he is a good teacher.
We’d better not waste water. We won’t have enough to drink sooner or later.
___________________________________________________________________
We’d better not waste water, or we won’t have enough to drink sooner or later.
The house is quite beautiful. The cost is not too high.
___________________________________________________________________
The house is quite beautiful. Moreover, the cost is not too high.
Do you want to study more? Do you want to look for a job?
___________________________________________________________________
Do you want to study more or to look for a job?
You can go home. You’ve finished this exercise.
___________________________________________________________________
You can go home when you’ve finished this exercise.
I don’t get many opportunities to practise my English. I find it difficult to remember everything I study.
___________________________________________________________________
I don’t get many opportunities to practice my English. Therefore I find it difficult to remember everything I study.
I’m practising speaking English a lot. I don’t want to fail in the oral test.
___________________________________________________________________
I’m practicing speaking English a lot because I don’t want to fail in the oral test.
I am terribly sorry, I thought you were a friend of Anna’s.
I took.....................................................................................................................................
Đáp án: I took you for a friend of Anna’s, I am sorry.
Giải thích:
take somebody for somebody: nhầm ai với ai.
Dịch: Tôi thực sự xin lỗi, tôi nghĩ anh là bạn của Anna.
→ Tôi đã nhầm anh với bạn của Anna, tôi xin lỗi.
Although she was busy, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.
Busy
Busy as she was, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.
I would prefer you do computer science.
I’d rather
I would prefer you do computer science.
I’d rather
He didn’t get his visa until last Monday.
It was
It was not until last Monday that he got his visa.
They continued to say that I was to blame.
They persisted
They persisted in saying that I was to blame.
Vietnamese coffee is considered to be one of the best in the world.
Vietnamese coffee
Vietnamese coffee is regarded as one of the best in the world.
If you asked me well in advance, I’ll be willing to work overtime.
Provided you
Provided you ask me well in advance, I’ll be willing to work overtime.
She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.
She is a
She is a more sympathetic listener than anyone else I know.
This is the best essay I have ever written.
Never
Never have I written such a good essay / a better essay than this.
I assumed that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.
I took it
I assumed that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.
I took it
Tourism development/ lead/ soil erosion/ pollution/ waste.
___________________________________________________________________
Tourism development may lead to soil erosion, pollution and waste.
Tourism/ contribute/ increasing carbon footprint/ stress/ ecosystems.
___________________________________________________________________
Tourism contributes to an increasing carbon footprint and stress and ecosystems.
The infrastructure/ tourist spot/ not/ satisfy/ great demand/ during/ peak season.
___________________________________________________________________
The infrastructure in a tourist spot cannot satisfy great demand during the peak season.
Tourists/ cause/ significant effect/ local habitats/ especially/ country.
___________________________________________________________________
Tourists may cause a significant effect on the local habitats, especially in the country.
Tourists/ be aware/ damage/ they/ cause/ and/ tourism authorities/ take measures/ solve/ problems.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Tourists may be aware of damage which they cause, and the tourism authorities have to take measures to solve the problems.
First/ tourism/ create/ jobs/ tourism industry/ and/ other sectors/ such/ retail and transportation.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
First tourism creates jobs in the tourism industry and in other sectors such as retail and transportation.
However/ jobs/ created/ tourism/ often seasonal/ and/ poorly paid.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
However jobs which are created by tourism are often seasonal and poorly paid.
Second/ tourism/ encourage/ preservation/ traditional customs/ handicrafts/ festivals/ but/ interaction/ tourists/ also lead/ erosion/ traditional cultures/ values.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Second, tourism encourages preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts and festivals, but interaction with tourists can also lead to an erosion of traditional cultures and values.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Finally/ ecotourism/ help/ conservation/ wildlife/ generating funds/ maintaining national park.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Finally/ ecotourism/ help/ conservation/ wildlife/ generating funds/ maintaining national park.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Nevertheless/ it/ also cause/ pollution/ through traffic emissions/ littering/ noise.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Nevertheless, it also causes pollution through traffic emissions, littering and noise.
Scuba-diving is not really my cup of tea. INTERESTED
I scuba-diving.
am not interested in
No mountains in Western Europe are higher than Mount Blanc.THE
Mount Blanc Western Europe.
is the highest mountain in
They require special permits to access Son Doong Cave. TO
Special permits Son Doong Cave.
are required to access
Jane hasn’t decided where to go on holiday. MIND
Jane hasn’t about where to go on holiday.
made up her mind
We don’t like travelling during peak season. INTO
We during peak season.
are not into travelling
An area of low pressure forms over the land. The heated air expands and rises.(as a result)
___________________________________________________________________
The heated air expands and rises. As a result, an area of low pressure forms over the land.
Canada is similar to the United States. The majority of its people speak English. (in that)
___________________________________________________________________
Canada is similar to the United States in that the majority of its people speak English.
Governments will most probably not relocate entire cities. They are in earthquake zones.(just because)
___________________________________________________________________
Governments will most probably not relocate entire cities just because they are in earthquake zones.
They were forced to buy expensive ones. There were no economy seats available.(so)
___________________________________________________________________
There were no economy seats available, so they were forced to buy expensive ones.
The hypothesis could be tested. Two experiments were conducted.(so that)
___________________________________________________________________
Two experiments were conducted so that the hypothesis could be tested.
Middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures. Working-class families are usually positional.(whereas)
___________________________________________________________________
Middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures, whereas working-class families are usually positional.
Or (Working-class families are usually positional, whereas middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures).
Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children do relatively poorly.(on the other hand)
___________________________________________________________________
Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children, on the other hand, do relatively poorly.
Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. The UK has a 250-year supply of coal. (for instance)
___________________________________________________________________
Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year supply of coal.
Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year supply of coal.
Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year supply of coal.
Far fewer peopleare killed or injured during train travel. Rail travel is safer than road travel. (because)
___________________________________________________________________
Rail travel is safer than road travel, because far fewer people are killed or injured during train travel.
They recruited very few young engineers.
Hardly
The heated air expands and rises. As a result, an area of low pressure forms over the land.
Only two out of the five rooms we have booked have air conditioning.
We have booked five rooms, only
Canada is similar to the United States in that the majority of its people speak English.
Jane seems to come to the performance late.
It looks
Đáp án: It looks as if Jane comes to the performance late.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Câu suy đoán với "It looks as if/as though" + mệnh đề
Cấu trúc:
It looks as if + S + V (hiện tại đơn) → dùng khi dựa vào hiện tại mà suy đoán điều gì đang/đã xảy ra.
Trong câu này, "Jane seems to come to the performance late" (Jane có vẻ đến buổi biểu diễn muộn), ta chuyển thành:
→ It looks as if Jane comes to the performance late.
Dịch: Trông có vẻ như Jane đến buổi biểu diễn muộn.
I could hold a big party due to Mom’s help.
Had it
There were no economy seats available, so they were forced to buy expensive ones.
Success depends on hard work.
The harder
Two experiments were conducted so that the hypothesis could be tested.
Fiona was so disappointed that she could not keep on working.
Such_______________________________________________________________
Đáp án: Such was Fiona’s disappointment that she could not keep on working.
Giải thích:
Câu gốc sử dụng "so ... that":
so + adjective + that + clause
Đảo ngữ với “such”
Such + be + S + that + clause
Dịch: Fiona thất vọng đến mức không thể tiếp tục làm việc.
→ Quá thất vọng đến mức Fiona không thể tiếp tục làm việc.
Although Richard is competent in his work, he does not know how to deal with this client.
Competent__________________________________________________________
Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children, on the other hand, do relatively poorly.
It was wrong of you to allow a four-year-old child to walk home alone.
You should_________________________________________________________________
Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year supply of coal.
I could realize how important the family is only after I left home.
Not until___________________________________________________________________
A duck has webbed feet so that it can swim easily and walk on soft ground.
Mrs. Green is proud of her son’s contribution to the play.
Mrs. Green is proud of what__________________________________________________________________
Rail travel is safer than road travel, because far fewer people are killed or injured during train travel.
Rewrite the sentences below as single sentence using relative clauses.
I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
I don’t know the name of the woman who / that I spoke to on the phone.
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It’s only 30 miles away.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away.
This is Mr Carter. I was telling you about him.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about.
That is the room. The meeting is held in that room.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
That is the room where the meeting is held.
I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
I’ll always remember the day when I first saw that sight.
She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
She was born in Malaysia, where rubber trees grow well.
No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
No one knows the school where my uncle taught 10 years ago.
Please ask them the time. The train started the trip at that time.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Please ask them the time when the train started the trip.
New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
New Year’s Day is the day when all family members gather and enjoy a family dinner.
There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
If you didn’t keep silent, you would wake the baby up.
Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
If you kept talking, you wouldn’t understand the lesson.
I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
If I knew her number, I would ring her up.
I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Đáp án: If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Câu điều kiện
Đây là câu điều kiện loại 2 (diễn tả điều không có thật ở hiện tại).
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2:
If + S + V2/ed, S + would/could + V1
Trong câu gốc:
I don’t know the answer → Chuyển thành If I knew the answer
I can’t tell you → Chuyển thành I could tell you
Dịch: Tôi không biết câu trả lời nên không thể trả lời cho bạn được.
→ Nếu tôi biết câu trả lời, tôi có thể nói cho bạn.
We will get lost because we don’t have a map.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
If we had a map, we wouldn’t get lost.
Rewrite the following sentence using a relative clause.
India is a country. The earthquake occurred in this country last month.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
India is the country where the earthquake occurred last month.
Bac Giang is a city. I was born and grew up there.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Bac Giang is the city where I was born and grew up.
We have not decided the day. We’ll go to London on that day.
___________________________________________________________________
We have not decided the day when we’ll go to London.
The man made me sad the most. I love him with all my heart.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
The man whom I love with all my heart made me sad the most.
The thief was caught. This was really good news.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
The thief was caught, that was really good news.
The gentleman was very young. He was introduced as the most successful businessman.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
The gentleman who was introduced as the most successful businessman was very young.
His book became the best seller. It was punished last year.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
His book, which was punished last year, became the best seller.
His book became the best seller. It was punished last year.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
His book, which was punished last year, became the best seller.
Neil Armstrong lived in the USA. He walked on the moon.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Neil Armstrong, who walked on the moon, lived in the USA.
Nam is very intelligent. He learns in our class.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Nam, who learns in our class, is very intelligent.
Ha Long has grown into a big city over the past few years. I visited the city last year.
→ ___________________________________________________________________
Ha Long, which I visited last week, has grown into a big over the past few years.
The class watched a film yesterday. The film was about the Apollo 13 space mission.
è The film___________________________________________________________________
The film (which / that) the class watched yesterday was about the Apollo 13 spacemission.
We are meeting an astronomer tonight. This astronomer has discovered three Earth-like planets.
è The astronomer ___________________________________________________________________
The astronomer (who / whom / that) we are meeting tonight has discovered three
Earth-like planets.
We read about an astronaut. The astronaut travelled into space in 1961.
è We read about ___________________________________________________________________
We read about an astronaut who travelled into space in 1961.
Dennis Tito became the first space tourist in 2001. Anousheh Ansari travelled into space as a tourist in 2006.
è When Anousheh Ansari ___________________________________________________________________
When Anousheh Ansari travelled into space as a tourist in 2006, Dennis Tito had
become the first space tourist in 2001.
This is the man. He works for NASA.
è The is the
This is the man who works for NASA.
I’m reading an article. The article is about NASA’s plans to return humans to the moon.
è I’m reading ___________________________________________________________________
I’m reading an article which is about NASA’s plans to return humans to the moon.
This is the astronaut. He visited our school last week.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
This is the astronaut who visited our school last week.
This is the village. Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut, was born there.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
This is the village where Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut, was born.
Can you talk more about the parabolic flights. You took them for your training?
=> ___________________________________________________________________
Can you talk more about the parabolic flights which / that you took for your training?
This is the museum. It has some of the best rock collections in the country.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
This is the museum which / that has some of the best rock collections in the country.
We’ll explore inland Sweden and visit the summer house. Carin and Ola have built it themselves.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
We’ll explore inland Sweden and visit the summer house which / that Carin and Ola have built themselves.
This is the year. The first human walked on the moon on that day.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
This is the year when the first human walked on the moon.
Pham Tuan/ Viet Nam’s/ astronaut, and Christer Fuglesang/ Sweden’s first astronaut.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
Pham Tuan is Viet Nam’s first astronaut, and Christer Fuglesang is Sweden’s first astronaut.
He found/ Earth didn’t look/ big as he thought, no boundaries/ Earth could be seen from/ we should cooperate/ take care of it.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He found that Earth didn’t look as big as he thought, no boundaries on Earth could be seen from space we should cooperate to take care of it.
It seemed/ he/ not enjoy it much/ since/ wasn’t fresh.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
It seemed he didn’t enjoy it much since it wasn’t fresh.
They talked/ him when he/ in space/ that made him happy.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
They talked to him when he was in space and that made him happy.
They think/ the chance/ fly to space/ equal for everyone.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
They think the chance to fly to space is equal for everyone.
He/ think teamwork, social skills/ foreign languages/ important/ an astronaut.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He thinks teamwork, social skills, and foreign languages are important for an astronaut.
The team plays on the left. The team has never won the championship.
=> The team__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
The team who / that plays on the left has never won the championship.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin planted an American flag on the moon. They spoke to President Richard Nixon after that.
=> Before Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Before Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin spoke to President Richard Nixon, they had planted an American flag on the moon.
This article describes a ground-breaking space mission to land on a comet. The mission is called Rosetta.
=> The ground-breaking space mission
___________________________________________________________________
The ground-breaking space mission (which / that) this article describes is called Rosetta.
Last week they visited a museum. The first artificial satellite is on display there.
=> Last week they
___________________________________________________________________
Last week they visited a museum where the first artificial satellite is on display.
The Rosetta mission has a task. The task is comparable to a fly trying to land on a speeding bullet.
=> The task
___________________________________________________________________
The task (which / that) the Rosetta mission has is comparable to a fly trying to land on a speeding bullet.
Nhat Nam/ crazy / space.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
Nhat Nam was crazy about space.
He/ learnt about the universe/ had collected/ of books about space.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He had learnt about the universe and had collected lots of books about space.
To show that there/ more things/ the list but that it’s not necessary/ list everything.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
To show that there are more things in the list but that it’s not necessary to list everything.
He/ be not/ impressed/ because/ he thought the meteorite/ like an ordinary piece of rock.
=>
He wasn’t very impressed because he thought the meteorite was like an ordinary piece of rock.
He/ compare it/ a ride/ a rollercoaster.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He compares it to a ride on a rollercoaster.
A friend of mine helped me to get a job. His father is the manager of a company.
→________________________________________________________
Đáp án: A friend of mine, whose father is the manager of a company, helped me to get a job.
Giải thích:
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: N, whose + N + V + O,…(‘whose’ là đại từ quan hệ dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their…)
Dịch: Một người bạn của tôi đã giúp tôi tìm được việc làm. Bố anh ấy là giám đốc của một công ty.
= Một người bạn của tôi, người có bố là giám đốc một công ty, đã giúp tôi tìm được việc làm.
Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents.
→_________________________________________________________________
Mike won £50,000, half of which he gave to his parents.
London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling.
→_________________________________________________________________
The population of London, which was once the largest city in the world, is now falling.
A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, but most of them were not very practical.
→_________________________________________________________________
Most of the suggestions which / that were made at the meeting were not very practical, (hoặc Most of the suggestions made at the meeting were not very practical.)
It is a medieval palace. The king hid in its tower during the civil war.
→_________________________________________________________________
It is a medieval palace, in whose tower the king hid during the civil war. / ..., whose tower the king hid in during the civil war.
I couldn’t remember the number of my own car. This made the police suspicious.
→_________________________________________________________________
I couldn’t remember the number of my own car, which made the police suspicious.
You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
→_________________________________________________________________
Thank you very much for the present (which / that) you sent me.
Dr Andy Todd is head of Downlands Hospital. He has criticized government plans to cut health funding.
→_________________________________________________________________
Dr Andy Todd, (who is) head of Downlands Hospital, has criticized government plans to cut health funding.
They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team. All of them are under 9.
→_________________________________________________________________
All of the boys who are being chosen for the school’s football team are under 9. - All of the boys being chosen for the school’s football team...
They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team. All of them are under 9.
→_________________________________________________________________
All of the boys who are being chosen for the school’s football team are under 9. - All of the boys being chosen for the school’s football team...
I went to see my nephew Jimmy. I used to look after him when he was small.
→
I went to see my nephew Jimmy who(m) I used to look after when he was small.
Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.
___________________________________________________________________
Ann, who lives next door, is very friendly.
The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
The man who/ that you met at the party last night is a famous actor.
There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
___________________________________________________________________
There are some words that/which are very difficult to translate.
The sun provides us with heat and light. It is one of millions of stars in the universe.
___________________________________________________________________
The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.
Students will be punished. Their homework is late.
___________________________________________________________________
Students whose homework is late will be punished.
I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.
___________________________________________________________________
I’ve found the book that/which I was looking for in the morning.
Is that the car? You want to buy it.
___________________________________________________________________
Is that the car that /which you want to buy?
Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.
___________________________________________________________________
Giải thích:
Dùng đại từ quan hệ ‘who’ để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (Sandra) đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ: N + who + V
Dịch: Sandra, người mà bạn đang nói chuyện, làm việc trong ngành quảng cáo.
Lake Prespa is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border.
Lake Prespa, which is on the north Greek border, is a lonely beautiful lake.
The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.
___________________________________________________________________
The little girl who /that sat next to me on the coach ate sweets the whole way.
Write the information in brackets as a relative clause (defining or non-defining) in an appropriate place in the sentence.
1. Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. (he is over 80)
→_________________________________________________________________
Đáp án: Julia’s father, who is over 80, has just come back from a skiing holiday.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ
who is over 80 là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, bổ sung thêm thông tin về "Julia’s father".
"He is over 80" → thông tin thêm về "Julia’s father"
Ta dùng "who is over 80" sau danh từ "Julia’s father" để nối hai câu lại thành một câu hoàn chỉnh và mạch lạc.
Dịch: Bố của Julia, người đã ngoài 80 tuổi, vừa trở về sau kỳ nghỉ trượt tuyết.
The problems faced by the company are being resolved. (I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.)
→_________________________________________________________________
The problems faced by the company are being resolved. (I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.)
→_________________________________________________________________
She was greatly influenced by her father. (she adored him)
→_________________________________________________________________
She was greatly influenced by her father, who/ whom she adored.
Parents are being asked to take part in the survey. (their children are between four or six)
→_________________________________________________________________
Parents whose children are between four and six are being asked to take part in the survey.
He isn’t looking forward to the time. (he will have to leave at that time)
→_________________________________________________________________
He isn’t looking forward to the time when he will have to leave.
The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. (a local farmer came across them in a field)
→_________________________________________________________________
The Roman coins, which a local farmer came across in a field, are now on display in the National Museum.
He pointed to the stairs. (they led down to the cellar)
→_________________________________________________________________
He pointed to the stairs which / that led down to the cellar.
He pointed to the stairs. (they led down to the cellar)
→_________________________________________________________________
He pointed to the stairs which / that led down to the cellar.
These drugs have been withdrawn from sale.(they are used to treat stomach ulcers)
→_________________________________________________________________
These drugs, which are used to treat stomach ulcers, have been withdrawn from sale.
The singer had to cancel her concert. (she was recovering from flu)
→_________________________________________________________________
The singer, who was recovering from flu, had to cancel her concert.
We went to the Riverside Restaurant. (I once had lunch with Henry there)
→_________________________________________________________________
My aunt, whose first job was filling shelves in a supermarket, is now a manager of a department store.
We went to the Riverside Restaurant. (I once had lunch with Henry there)
→_________________________________________________________________
My aunt, whose first job was filling shelves in a supermarket, is now a manager of a department store.
John Graham’s latest film is his first for more than five years. (the film is set in the north of Australia)
→_________________________________________________________________
John Graham’s latest film, which is set in the north of Australia, is his first for more than five years.
The newspaper is owned by the Mears group. (its chairperson is Sir James Bex)
→_________________________________________________________________
The newspaper is owned by the Mears group, whose chairperson is Sir James Hex.
The Master’s course is no longer taught. (I took this course in 1990)
→_________________________________________________________________
The Master’s course, which I took in 1990, is no longer taught.
The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. (he will reveal them next month)
→
The minister talked about the plans for tax reform (that / which) he will reveal next month.
Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas where necessary.
1. Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year.
___________________________________________________________________
Is Zedco a company which / that was taken over last year?
Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas where necessary.
1. Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year.
___________________________________________________________________
Is Zedco a company which / that was taken over last year?
Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen.
___________________________________________________________________
Felix Reeve, whose tape recorder was stolen, is a journalist.
This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war.
___________________________________________________________________
This famous picture, which was damaged during the war, is worth thousands of pounds
I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.
___________________________________________________________________
Đáp án: I don’t know the name of the woman whom/ who I spoke to on the phone.
I don’t know the name of the woman to whom I spoke on the phone.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ
Xác định danh từ mà mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho là “woman”, tương đương với “her” ở câu sau.
“her” đóng vai trò làm tân ngữ, nên dùng “whom/who”
Nếu dùng giới từ đảo lên trước cùng, ta chỉ dùng “whom”.
Dịch: Tôi không biết tên người phụ nữ đó. Tôi đã nói chuyện với cô ấy qua điện thoại.
→ Tôi không biết tên người phụ nữ mà tôi đã nói chuyện qua điện thoại.
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.
___________________________________________________________________
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away.
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away.
We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away.
They’ve captured all the animals. They escaped from the zoo.
___________________________________________________________________
They’ve captured all the animals that / which escaped from the zoo.
A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.
___________________________________________________________________
Đáp án: The scientist who discovered a new planet has won the Nobel Prize.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ
Danh từ “A scientist” là danh từ chỉ người, “He” ở câu thứ hai đứng làm chủ ngữ, do đó dùng đại từ quan hệ “who”. Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng ngay sau danh từ nó bổ nghĩa.
Ngoài ra, do danh từ đã được xác định bởi mệnh đề quan hệ, nên dùng mạo từ xác định “the”.
Dịch: Một nhà khoa học đã giành giải Nobel. Ông đã khám phá ra một hành tinh mới.
→ Nhà khoa học phát hiện ra hành tinh mới đã giành được giải Nobel.
The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford.
___________________________________________________________________
The river which flows through Hereford is the Wye.
We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there.
We climbed to the top of the tower from which we had a beautiful view.
Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled. (Despite)
___________________________________________________________________
Despite his wealth, he is not spoiled.
Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. (Though)
___________________________________________________________________
Though he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________
Although the prices are high, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday.
Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. (Despite)
___________________________________________________________________
Despite (having) a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children.
In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________
Although they are poor, they are very generous.
Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (In spite of)
___________________________________________________________________
In spite of her frequent absence, he has managed to pass the test.
In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________
Although Lee was sad at losing the contest, she managed to smile.
In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________
Although Lee was sad at losing the contest, she managed to smile.
My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. (Despite)
___________________________________________________________________
Despite (being on) a diet, my friend ate the chocolate cake.
In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________
Although he had a headache, he enjoyed the film.
My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying. (In spite of)
In spite of disliking flying, my sister will take a plane.
Hung was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted on disturbing the class.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of being seriously advised by his teacher, Hung insisted on disturbing the class.
Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
Despite
Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
Despite
Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
è Despite
Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
Despite
Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.
Despite
Despite liking more holidays, Mr. Vinh doesn’t mind going to school.
Despite liking more holidays, Mr. Vinh doesn’t mind going to school.
In spite of the hard work and low wages, he decided to take the job.
They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.
Despite________________________________________________________________
Despite not having much time, they came to visit us.
They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.
Despite________________________________________________________________
Despite not having much time, they came to visit us.
He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of his age, he still does his gymnastics every morning.
Trang Anh is the boss. She works as hard as her employees.
Despite________________________________________________________________
Despite being the boss, she works as hard as her employees.
He has health problems. He is always smiling.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of having health problems, he is always smiling.
Kieu Anh got good marks. The exam was difficult.
Despite
Despite the difficult exam, Kieu Anh got good marks.
He/ not promoted/ spite of/ efforts.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He wasn’t promoted in spite of his efforts.
The boss/ denied/ bully/ new employee.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
The boss denied bullying the new employee.
The boss/ denied/ bully/ new employee.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
The boss denied bullying the new employee.
Students/ need/ vocational skills/ before they enter/ world of work.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
Students need some vocational skills before they enter the world of work.
She/ a dynamic businesswoman. /She/ so/ energy and focus.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
She’s a dynamic businesswoman. She has so much energy and focus.
He/ such/ empathetic nurse/ the patients/ love him.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He is such an empathetic nurse that the patients love him.
I feel/ we have too/ academic subjects/ not enough time/ physical education.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
I feel we have too many academic subjects and not enough time for physical education.
As/ opera singer, / he has/ opportunities perform/ Grand Theatre.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
As an opera singer, he has many opportunities perform in the Grand Theatre.
Work/ as architects, / they design/ build.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
Working as architects, they design buildings.
They/ won/ big contracts./ They/ successful businesswomen / businessmen.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
They have won many big contracts. They are successful businesswomen and businessmen.
Work/ skilled craftsmen/ craftswomen,/ I learnt/ lot about/ art form.
Work/ skilled craftsmen/ craftswomen,/ I learnt/ lot about/ art form.
Mr Thuan was injured. He managed to finish the race.
Despite________________________________________________________________
Despite being injured, Mr Thuan managed to finish the race.
Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.
In spite
In spite of having no qualifications for it, he got the job
I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.
Although
Although I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, I bought it all the same.
Thuy went to school. She was ill.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of her illness / being ill, Thuy went to school.
We couldn’t win the match. We played well.
Despite________________________________________________________________
Despite playing well / having played well, we couldn’t win the match.
It rained a lot. We enjoyed our holiday.
In spite
In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of telling her all the truth, she didn’t believe me.
They didn’t play well, but they won the game.
Despite___________________________________________________________
Despite not playing well, they won the game.
He didn’t get the job. He had all the necessary qualifications.
In spite__________________________________________________________________
In spite of having all the necessary qualifications, he didn’t get the job.
Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.
In spite
In spite of the expensive shirts, people buy them because they are trendy.
The boy finally managed/ deal/ his peers/ the vocational school.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
The boy finally managed to deal with his peers at the vocational school.
She attempted/ cooperate/ the others/ team/ finish the work.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
She attempted to cooperate with the others in the team to finish the work.
He has a talent/ fixing things,/ he/ an excellent mechanic.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He has a talent for fixing things, so he is an excellent mechanic.
My father/ running/ pharmacy./ He/ pharmacist.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
My father is running a pharmacy. He is a pharmacist.
He wants/ become/ fashion designer./ He/ very interested/ fashion and design.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He wants to become a fashion designer. He’s very interested in fashion and design.
I took/ account the pay/ the working conditions/ before I decided/ take the job.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
I took into account the pay and the working conditions before I decided to take the job.
He/ become/ professional footballer/ the local football team.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He has become a professional footballer for the local football team.
He/ burnt the midnight oil/ a long time so it’s fair if he gets an A/ his final exam.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He has burnt the midnight oil for a long time so it’s fair if he gets an A for his finalexam.
He a professional singer/ his beautiful voice, he/ make a bundle.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
He’s a professional singer. With his beautiful voice, he could make a bundle.
She dreams/ becoming/ physicist/ she really likes physics.
=> ___________________________________________________________________
She dreams of becoming a physicist because she really likes physics.
Rewrite the following sentences using a relative clause.
Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.
___________________________________________________________________
Rod Lee, whose sister I know has won an Oscar.
Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.
___________________________________________________________________
Is this the style of hair which your wife wants to have?
A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
___________________________________________________________________
A man who answered the phone said Tom was out.
7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.
___________________________________________________________________
7.05 is the time at which/ when my plane arrives.
Max isn’t home yet. That worries me.
___________________________________________________________________
Max isn’t home yet which worries me.
Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
___________________________________________________________________
Do you know the building the windows of which are painted green?
Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.
___________________________________________________________________
Last week I went to see the house in which /where I used to live.
I don’t know the girl’s name. She’s just gone into the hall.
___________________________________________________________________
I don’t know the name of the girl who has just gone into the hall.
Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.
___________________________________________________________________
Đáp án: Be sure to follow the instructions which/that are given at the top of the page.
Giải thích:
Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ
Ta có hai câu:
Be sure to follow the instructions.
They are given at the top of the page.
→ Trong câu 2, đại từ "they" thay cho "the instructions"
→ Ghép hai câu bằng cách dùng mệnh đề quan hệ xác định với đại từ "that" hoặc "which" làm chủ ngữ.
Cấu trúc:
Noun + that/which + V
Dịch: Hãy chắc chắn làm theo các hướng dẫn được đưa ra ở đầu trang.
Hoan Kiem Lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.
Hoan Kiem Lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place.
