Topic 33: Green movements

If you want to make your school green, think beyond your classrooms. Here are some suggestions that are all easy and simple to follow, and can make a big difference in reducing your carbon footprint and creating a (1)__________ community.

One of the places where both teachers and students often spend some of their time is the library. An eco-friendly reading space is likely to create a favorable impression (2)________ library users, and bring some significant educational benefits. For example, you can install energy-saving products like fans instead of air-conditioners which consume a lot of energy. You can also use biodegradable dust cloths or old T-shirts to clean the environment. In addition, to (3)________ public awareness, allocate a clearly visible space on the noticeboard for everyday green tips like ‘Let others reuse your book’.

Sporty students may prefer to spend more time in the swimming pool than in the library.

Therefore, keeping this place safe and green will also help to raise their environmental awareness. Remember that (4)__________ pool water may cause red eyes and itchy skin to some people if they spend much time in the pool. An ideal alternative would be a salt-water pool, which can be naturally clean and economical. In case warm water is required, think of solar heating to save the environment as one pool with gas or electric heater may emit tons of carbon dioxide each year.

Finally, focus on the school gym, (5)_________ is perhaps the most interactive and exciting place for all school staff. Think of installing low-flow taps and showers to save gallons of water per minute and energy-saving lights to cut the cost of electricity. Moreover, make sure that the airflow pathways are clear and free of mould, mildew and other allergens.

(Source: https://www.theguardian.com)

Here are some suggestions that are all easy and simple to follow, and can make a big difference in reducing your carbon footprint and creating a (1)__________ community.

An eco-friendly reading space is likely to create a favorable impression (2)________ library users, and bring some significant educational benefits.

In addition, to (3)________ public awareness, allocate a clearly visible space on the noticeboard for everyday green tips like ‘Let others reuse your book’.

Remember that (4)__________ pool water may cause red eyes and itchy skin to some people if they spend much time in the pool.

Finally, focus on the school gym, (5)_________ is perhaps the most interactive and exciting place for all school staff.

While many behaviors and practices associated with going green are designed to save money, there are certain ways in which green living can actually be moderately to very expensive. Much of the technology associated with green living (1) ____________ provide benefits to the environment but often at a much higher cost than their traditional counterparts. For instance, the use of solar panels can potentially save you money on your energy bills, but they can (2) ______________ thousands of dollars to install. Energy-efficient appliances are designed to use less electricity and water but they often come with a high price tag.

Going green can also potentially have a negative effect on the environment. For (3) __________, the development of alternative fuels is an innovation in the green movement in an effort to reduce reliance on (4) ___________ natural resources. While these fuels are intended to reduce the toxic emissions caused by the burning of traditional gasoline, they may have unintentionally caused the opposite effect. One of these alternative fuels, E85, actually (5) ___________ more ozone into the atmosphere than traditional fuel. While ozone is a natural part of the Earth’s upper atmosphere, if it becomes concentrated in the lower atmosphere, it can potentially increase air pollution in areas where smog is a concern, which can in turn impact the health of those living in these areas.

(http://www.livestrong.com/article/137345-what-are-disadvantages-going-green/)

Much of the technology associated with green living (1) ____________ provide benefits to the environment but often at a much higher cost than their traditional counterparts.

For instance, the use of solar panels can potentially save you money on your energy bills, but they can (2) ______________ thousands of dollars to install.

For (3) __________, the development of alternative fuels is an innovation in the green movement in an effort to reduce reliance on (4) ___________ natural resources.

For (3) __________, the development of alternative fuels is an innovation in the green movement in an effort to reduce reliance on (4) ___________ natural resources.

One of these alternative fuels, E85, actually (5) ___________ more ozone into the atmosphere than traditional fuel.

A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGNING BUILDINGS

Some experts fear that many people are becoming overweight. Adults are encouraged to exercise for a minimum of thirty minutes, five times a week, and the average person is (1) ____ to take 10,000 steps per day to maintain basic fitness, but it is a fact that few office workers manage to take more than 5,000.

Now architects have designed ‘fit’ office buildings which encourage employees to become healthier because they have to walk while they are at work. In these buildings, meeting rooms and car parks are placed a long way from office desks so that workers have to walk to (2) ____ them. In one building the cafe is located in the furthest section so that some workers have to walk as (3) ____ as half a kilometer to and from lunch. There is special emphasis on (4) ____ people to use stairs instead of lifts, and long staircases are broken into flights of no more than nine stairs, so that they don’t look so difficult to climb. There are also large windows which provide attractive views over the city. (9) ____, the lifts are not easy to get access to, and in some buildings, they only stop at one floor in three.

It’s a design policy for a fitter environment which encourages people to walk without making it appear to be hard work - but will it be successful? Only time will tell.

Adults are encouraged to exercise for a minimum of thirty minutes, five times a week, and the average person is (1) ____ to take 10,000 steps per day to maintain basic fitness, but it is a fact that few office workers manage to take more than 5,000.

In these buildings, meeting rooms and car parks are placed a long way from office desks so that workers have to walk to (2) ____ them.

In one building the cafe is located in the furthest section so that some workers have to walk as (3) ____ as half a kilometer to and from lunch.

There is special emphasis on (4) ____ people to use stairs instead of lifts, and long staircases are broken into flights of no more than nine stairs, so that they don’t look so difficult to climb.

(9) ____, the lifts are not easy to get access to, and in some buildings, they only stop at one floor in three.

There is no conflict between big business and the green movement towards the fight against climate change and the two are “totally compatible”. That’s according to Mike Hughes, Zone President, Schneider Electric UK & Ireland, who believes while there may be differences on how organisations play their part in the move towards the net zero target and the speed at which it happens, the two are “totally aligned”.

Speaking to ELN at the Energy Live Expo event last week, which attracted more than 450 people from across the industry, he said: “Big business goes where there is opportunity. Big business is a force for good. It has to be involved in this transition, in this change, in this climate change. If you look at it, there are two things that have happened in the last five to seven years that have really accelerated this topic. One is the general public getting on board with the whole concept of climate change, the emergency. The second is actually the business community and particularly the financial community starting to look at the financial risks around climate change and moving its money and where it will invest.”

Mr Hughes added the UK’s target for net zero carbon emissions by 2050 is a “hugely ambitious step” and it shows leadership, direction and ambition, enabling businesses to focus on where they can invest. He is also “extremely optimistic” and from a technology point of view, he believes there are technologies available to support the transition. He said: “It’s now around awareness, incentives from government, the right regulations to get people to make the right step and boosting the use of these technologies. I’m extremely positive.”

(Source: https://www.energylivenews.com/)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

According to paragraph 1, what is the common goal for big corporates in environmental movement?

According to paragraph 2, what can be generalised about the role of businesses in the ecological movement?

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

The word “incentives” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

Like many social and political movements, the green movement has been strengthened and annealed by the forces that oppose it. After James Watt was appointed to lead the Department of the Interior, for instance, membership in the Sierra Club grew from 183,000 to 245,000 in just 12 months.

Today, the green movement is again defined and galvanized by its command of issues like global warming and climate change, wetlands preservation, the Keystone pipeline, nuclear proliferation, hydraulic fracturing or “fracking,” fisheries depletion, species extinction and other important environmental concerns.

What distinguishes the green movement today from the earlier conservation movement is its emphasis on science and research. Speaking in spiritual tones and using religious metaphors, early environmentalists like Muir and Thoreau celebrated nature for its profound impact on man’s emotions and our souls. When Hetch Hetchy Valley in California was threatened by a dam, Muir exclaimed, “Dam Hetch Hetchy! As well dam for water-tanks the people’s cathedrals and churches, for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man.”

Now, however, we are far more likely to call upon scientific data and empirical research to buttress arguments in favor of wilderness preservation, or against polluting industries. Politicians cite the work of polar researchers and use computerized climate models to battle global warming, and medical researchers rely on public health statistics to argue against mercury pollution. Whether these arguments succeed or fail, however, still depends on the vision, the passion and the commitment of the people who make up the green movement.

(Source: https://www.thoughtco.com)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

According to paragraph 3, what did Muir’s protest try to express?

The word “galvanized” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

The word “its” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

According to paragraph 4, which statement generalizes the development of conservation movement?

Saving the planet is very much in vogue. It’s also in Harper’s Bazaar, Elle and Mademoiselle. It’s the message on fashion runways, in marketing strategies, in jewelry and accessory designs, on shopping bags and totes, in advertisements and on price tags.

A naked fashion model wearing a hat of birch branches and lichen, as shown in Vogue this month, may not be everyone’s idea of environmental awareness. But the pervasiveness of ecological themes in the images and marketing of fashion is undeniable. It is also somewhat paradoxical. The fashion industry, whose driving philosophy involves encouraging consumers to discard the old and embrace the new, is now trying to push itself to the forefront of efforts to conserve and preserve.

The environmental theme in fashion began as wispy touches and graphic exhortations in designer collections, not as some well-thought-out strategy of “green” marketing in which the environmental advantages of a product become part of the sales approach. Tendrils of ivy dangled from the ceiling at a Paris fashion show; a carpet of grass covered a runway in New York; models marched along in T-shirts or carrying signs all bearing slogans like “Clean Up or Die,” “Save the Sphere,” and “Environmental Protection Agents”.

The environmental spin on fashion has now moved into the mass market, where ‘’clothes with conscience’‘ make an extra tug at the buyer’s self-image. Bonjour, a jeans and sportswear company based in New York, has embarked on a program to ’‘change the individual’s outlook toward saving the environment’’ through educational tags. This summer, the first wave of what Bonjour executives said would be 50 million fashion items a year are to arrive in stores carrying tags with environmental tips from how to save water to how to reduce pollutants.

Whether these tributes to nature will benefit the environment or even raise environmental awareness, with concomitant changes in individual behavior, is not clear. There is some skepticism. Professor Ewen says the new environmental symbolism should be viewed as part of an overall change in America’s economy, from one built on industrial production of hard goods to one based on “pure representation”. “Going back to fashion, the environment has become a commercial cliche separated from real concerns. What can be attached to this year’s fashion is merely the symbolism of environmental sanity.”

(Source: https://www.nytimes.com)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

The word “paradoxical” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

According to paragraph 2, why is the green effort of fashion world so much of an irony?

The word “wispy” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

According to paragraph 4, what is the main focus of the current green fashion?

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

The word “one” in paragraph 5 refers to _____.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Modern society has given significant attention to the promises of the digital economy over the past decade. But it has given little attention to its negative environmental footprint.

Our smartphones rely on rare earth metals, and cloud computing, data centers, artificial intelligence and cryptocurrencies consume large amounts of electricity, often sourced from coal-fired power plants. These are crucial blind spots we must address if we hope to capture the full potential of the digital economy. Without urgent system-wide actions, the digital economy and green economy will be incompatible with each other and could lead to more greenhouse gas emissions, accelerate climate change and pose great threats to humanity. The world’s data centers-the storehouses for enormous quantities of information - consume about three percent of the global electricity supply (more than the entire United Kingdom), and produce two percent of global greenhouse gas emissions-roughly the same as global air travel. A report by Greenpeace East Asia and the North China Electric Power University found that China’s data centers produced 99 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2018, the equivalent of about 21 million cars driven for one year. Greenhouse gases aren’t the only type of pollution to be concerned about.

Electronic waste (e-waste), which is a byproduct of data center activities, accounts for two percent of solid waste and 70 percent of toxic waste in the United States. Globally, the world produces as much as 50 million tonnes of electronic e-waste a year, worth over US$62.5 billion and more than the GDP of most countries. Only 20 percent of this e-waste is recycled.

The world and its intractable challenges are not linear-everything connects to everything else. We must raise awareness about these major blind spots, embrace systems leadership (leading across boundaries), boost circular economy ideas (decoupling economic activity from the consumption of finite resources), leverage an eco-economics approach (an environmentally sustainable economy) and encourage policy-makers to explore the interrelationships between government-wide, system-wide and societal results. We must also consider collective problem-solving by bringing together diverse perspectives from both the Global North and the Global South. We should take an inventory of the global and local damages caused by electronic devices, platforms and data systems, and frame issues about the digital economy and its environmental impact in broad societal terms.

(Source: https://phys.org/news/)

What does the passage mainly discuss?

The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to _____.

According to paragraph 2, what is the overall concern for the bilateral relationship between technology and nature?

The word “byproduct” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

The word “linear” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

According to paragraph 4, what direction should the global citizens follow to better the situation?

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Green-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way; this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green-space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green-space facilities.

The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of you house is closed after you.

(http://jiandati.com/q/4bBbbB)

According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment ________.

The underlined word “which” in the passage refers to ________.

The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to ________.

The underlined word “disproportionate“ in the passage probably means __________.

The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green-space should be provided ____.

According to the author, green-space facilities should be designed in such a way that _____.

The underlined word “spot” in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

The main idea of this passage is that _______.