Topic 21: Jobs

Most of the viewers imagine that the presenter does little (1)______arrive at the studio a few minutes before the broadcast, read the weather, and then go home. In fact, this image is far from the truth. The two-minute (2) ____ which we all rely on when we need to know tomorrow’s weather is the result of a hard day’s work by the presenter, who is actually a highly-qualified (3)_______. Every morning, after a weather forecaster arrives at the TV studios, his/her first task of the day is to collect the latest data from the National Meteorological Office. The information is very detailed and includes predictions, satellite and radar pictures, as well as more technical data. After gathering all the relevant material from this office, the forecaster has to (4)________ the scientific terminology and maps into images and words which viewers can easily understand. The final broadcast is then carefully planned. The presenter decides what to say and in what order to say it. Next a “story board” is drawn up which lays out the script word for word. The time allocated for each broadcast can also alter. This is because the weather report is screened after the news, (5)__________ can vary in length. The weather forecaster doesn’t always know how much time is available, which means that he/she has to be thoroughly prepared so that the material can be adapted to the time available.

(Source: https://goo.gl/DvApVm)

Most of the viewers imagine that the presenter does little (1)______arrive at the studio a few minutes before the broadcast, read the weather, and then go home. In

The two-minute (2) ____ which we all rely on when we need to know tomorrow’s weather is the result of a hard day’s work by the presenter,

who is actually a highly-qualified (3)_______.

After gathering all the relevant material from this office, the forecaster has to (4)________ the scientific terminology and maps into images and words which viewers can easily understand.

This is because the weather report is screened after the news, (5)__________ can vary in length.

In fact, two out of three working Americans are not (1)______ in their work, according to a Gallup survey. People who send résumés and go to interviews think that they care only about salaries and (2)______. These are important, yes, but they are not enough. To identify a satisfying job, people should be thinking about office morale and doing work that is interesting and fun.

To demonstrate this point, my colleague Kaitlin Woolley and I asked a large group of employees what made them like their present jobs, along with what factors would (3)_____ them to like future jobs.

Unsurprisingly, we found that promotions and raises were important for people both in their current job and in applying for future jobs. What was interesting, (4)______, was that the majority cared a lot about present benefits (such as doing something interesting with people they like) in their current job, but they expected not to care very much about those things in their future jobs. When envisioning themselves in the future, they predicted that they would almost solely be driven by delayed benefits like salaries.

Why are people (5)______ aware that present benefits are important in their current job, and yet expect not to care about those benefits in the future? Why, for example, does a student who cannot sit through a boring two-hour lecture think she would be satisfied by a boring but well-paying job?

(Source: https://www.nytimes.com/jobs/in-choosing-a-job-focus-on-the-fun.html)

In fact, two out of three working Americans are not (1)______ in their work, according to a Gallup survey.

People who send résumés and go to interviews think that they care only about salaries and (2)______.

To demonstrate this point, my colleague Kaitlin Woolley and I asked a large group of employees what made them like their present jobs, along with what factors would (3)_____ them to like future jobs.

What was interesting, (4)______, was that the majority cared a lot about present benefits (such as doing something interesting with people they like) in their current job, but they expected not to care very much about those things in their future jobs.

Why are people (5)______ aware that present benefits are important in their current job, and yet expect not to care about those benefits in the future?

Imagine that you have an opportunity to move into one of a number of open positions in your organization. Perhaps you are (1) ____ two different positions and you have to decide which one you want. So how do you choose the right one for you?

Having options is great: What a wonderful confidence booster! However, there’s also a lot of pressure (2) ____ to decide which option is best.

To make the right choice, you have to decide what factors are most important to you in a new job, and then you have to choose the option that best addresses these factors. (3) ____, this operates on two levels - on a rational level and on an emotional level. You’ll only truly be (4) ____ with your decision if these are aligned. You should analyze your options on both levels. First, you have to look at things rationally, looking at the job on offer, and also at the things that matter to you. Then, once you’ve understood your options on a rational (5) ____, look at things on an emotional level and think about what your emotions are telling you.

Perhaps you are (1) ____ two different positions and you have to decide which one you want.

However, there’s also a lot of pressure (2) ____ to decide which option is best.

(3) ____, this operates on two levels - on a rational level and on an emotional level.

You’ll only truly be (4) ____ with your decision if these are aligned.

Then, once you’ve understood your options on a rational (5) ____, look at things on an emotional level and think about what your emotions are telling you.

A part-time job is generally considered to be employment that is less than 40 hours of work per week. Some employers consider between 32 and 40 hours of work per week to be full-time, (1) ____ part-time jobs are usually classified as anything less than 40 hours.

Working on a part-time schedule has many perks and provides the optimal flexibility needed by some individuals. For example, parents (2) ____ young children, students, and people who have out-of-work responsibilities often find that part-time work is their only option. Others work in part-time jobs because they are (3) ____ to find full-time positions - and working part-time is better for them than not working at all. In some situations, part-time employees can earn as much as full-time employees on an hourly basis, but most employers do not offer (4) ____ such as health insurance, vacation time, and paid holidays to their part-time employees.

There are many pros and cons to working part-time and there are also several specific industries that are known to have many part-time positions available. You should (5) ____ the factors before deciding if a part-time or a full-time position will work better for your specific situation.

Some employers consider between 32 and 40 hours of work per week to be full-time, (1) ____ part-time jobs are usually classified as anything less than 40 hours.

For example, parents (2) ____ young children, students, and people who have out-of-work responsibilities often find that part-time work is their only option.

Others work in part-time jobs because they are (3) ____ to find full-time positions - and working part-time is better for them than not working at all.

In some situations, part-time employees can earn as much as full-time employees on an hourly basis, but most employers do not offer (4) ____ such as health insurance, vacation time, and paid holidays to their part-time employees.

You should (5) ____ the factors before deciding if a part-time or a full-time position will work better for your specific situation.

To really figure out what a CV is, we first have to talk about what CV means. The letters CV stand (1) ____ curriculum vitae which is Latin for “course of life.” When used in a job seeking context, a CV (also sometimes referred to as just a vita) is a detailed accounting of not only a person’s past history of education, experiences and (2) ____ but also related accomplishments and is generally used when an individual is looking for a job. (3) ____, a CV is a thorough and comprehensive document, detailing not only your education and work history, but also your achievements, awards, any honors you’ve been conferred and any and all of your publications.

A resume, on the other hand, is not so long. Ideally a good solid resume is about one page in length and can be submitted for almost any type of job (4) ____ the market. When you type up a resume, you’re usually just covering your work and educational history. You might include certain professional affiliations and possibly highlight (5) ____ major awards that relate to the job you’re applying for, but it’s usually a concise document. Short and sweet.

The letters CV stand (1) ____ curriculum vitae which is Latin for “course of life.”

When used in a job seeking context, a CV (also sometimes referred to as just a vita) is a detailed accounting of not only a person’s past history of education, experiences and (2) ____ but also related accomplishments and is generally used when an individual is looking for a job.

(3) ____, a CV is a thorough and comprehensive document, detailing not only your education and work history, but also your achievements, awards, any honors you’ve been conferred and any and all of your publications.

Ideally a good solid resume is about one page in length and can be submitted for almost any type of job (4) ____ the market.

You might include certain professional affiliations and possibly highlight (5) ____ major awards that relate to the job you’re applying for, but it’s usually a concise document.

The national teachers union and an activist group have welcomed Human Resources Minister M Kula Segaran’s announcement that schools will be supplied with a list of endangered jobs, saying it will be a useful aid in career guidance. Kula said on Wednesday that the list would help pupils decide what courses to avoid in pursuing further studies. Kula spoke of the looming fourth industrial revolution, saying it could result in the irrelevance of 30% of existing jobs. Harry Tan, the secretary-general of the National Union of the Teaching Profession, said the list would be a good additional tool for schools in their work to prepare students for the job market, and Parent Action Group for Education chairman Noor Azimah Rahim said its use could result in an easing of the problem of youth unemployment.

Tan told FMT he hoped the education and human resources ministries would also consult the private sector since they were familiar with market forces. He said teachers would always try to help students pursue their dreams, but he added that schools were facing what he called “logistical issues” that could prevent them from effectively preparing students for future jobs. One of these problems, he said, was a shortage of English teachers and another was a lack of computer numerical control machines in vocational colleges.

Azimah warned against using the list as more than just a guide, saying the job market would keep changing with the times. What would remain a constant, she said, was the need for students to be bilingual, to master the foundations of mathematics and science and to balance these with involvement in sports and the arts. She urged teachers to promote creative thinking and problem solving skills among their students, saying these were sought after by employers.

(Source: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

According to paragraph 1, what is the possible result of the 4th industrial revolution?

The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

According to paragraph 2, what is NOT mentioned as the unchanging requirement of the job market?

The word “urged” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

New data from the New York Fed highlights how the job situation for recent graduates is worsening. While the rest of the labor market trends favorably, fresh graduates are more likely to be unemployed than the base U.S. working population. That has not happened before in the New York Fed data going back to 1990.

While the unemployment rate for all college graduates aged up to 65 is trending lower — currently near its lowest level of this current economic cycle — the market for recent college graduates is bucking the overall trend. With the backdrop of a robust U.S. labor market, this is “an important and worrisome trend to watch because it never dropped to prior cycle lows,” DataTrek’s Jessica Rabe wrote in a note. “Even though those who have graduated from college typically get hired before less educated workers.”

The rates are calculated as a 12-month moving average. Recent college graduates are defined as those between the ages of 22 and 27, with a bachelor’s degree or higher. The unemployment rate for recent college graduates has been inching upwards, from 3.8% in May to 4% in September. In contrast, the unemployment rate for overall workers was 3.6% in September.

Fresh graduates are having a hard time because of the lack of experience and relevant education, according to Brusuelas. “There’s some concern about the unemployment rate … [but] that may have more to do with the level of experience and difficulties in finding entry level work right now for the educated class.” Moody’s Analytics Chief Economist Mark Zandi previously told Yahoo Finance that the trend also “likely reflects in part greater caution by businesses given the slowing economy and uncertainty created by the trade war.”

(Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

The word “trends” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

What is the tone of the paragraph 2?

The word “those” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

According to paragraph 4, what is NOT related to the alarming situation of unemployment?

It’s important to be able to articulate your dream job. Not just for personal reasons, but also for when you’re asked about it in interviews. But, how can you even begin to describe your ideal job, especially to someone who’s clearly going to be judging your response? Just picking a place to start is a head-scratcher.

First, let’s talk about what you’re good at doing, or your strengths. It’s likely you’ve already had the chance to talk about this topic a bit during the interview, so it makes for a nice transition. Highlight the skills that you enjoy using most, not just the ones you’re a superstar at. This is about your dream job, so don’t shy away from mentioning any that you want to grow as well.

Think big picture for this. What drew you to your industry? What’s something you did as a kid that’s actually found its way into your work? What is it about your career that keeps you engaged? Weave that in. Giving a sense of what your career values are will give the interviewer an idea about what motivates you; it’s a good way to bring the focus back to the company you’re interviewing for. It also adds some extra complexity to your answer. You’re not just saying, “I want an interesting job that I’m good at.” I mean, that’s nice, but this is your dream job we’re talking about! Don’t pigeonhole yourself with anything that official. Instead, give the hiring manager a more nuanced response by covering your skills, interests, and values. He or she will get the chance to learn more about you—and you have more flexibility to line up your career goals and the position you’re applying for. That’s a win-win.

(Source: https://www.themuse.com/)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

The word “articulate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

What is the tone of the passage?

According to paragraph 3, what should the interviewees NOT include in their answers?

For centuries, historians and archaeologists have puzzled over the many mysteries of Stonehenge, the prehistoric monument that took Neolithic builders an estimated 1,500 years to erect. Its construction is so baffling because, scientists have traced the bluestones that make up its inner ring all the way to the Preseli Hills in Wales, some 200 miles from where Stonehenge sits on Salisbury Plain.

If the facts surrounding the architects and construction of Stonehenge remain shadowy at best, the purpose of the arresting monument is even more of a mystery. While historians agree that it was a place of great importance for over 1,000 years, we may never know what drew early Britons to Salisbury Plain and inspired them to continue developing it. There is strong archaeological evidence that Stonehenge was used as a burial site, at least for part of its long history, but most scholars believe it served other functions as well-either as a ceremonial site, a religious pilgrimage destination, a final resting place for royalty or a memorial erected to honor and perhaps spiritually connect with distant ancestors.

In the 1960s, the astronomer Gerald Hawkins suggested that the cluster of megalithic stones operated as an astronomical calendar, with different points corresponding to astrological phenomena such as solstices, equinoxes and eclipses. While his theory has received quite a bit of attention over the years, critics maintain that Stonehenge’s builders probably lacked the knowledge necessary to predict such events or that England’s dense cloud cover would have obscured their view of the skies. More recently, signs of illness and injury in the human remains unearthed at Stonehenge led a group of British archaeologists to speculate that it was considered a place of healing, perhaps because bluestones were thought to have curative powers.

(Source: https://www.history.com/)

What is main topic of the passage?

The word “traced” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

According to paragraph 2, what is NOT mentioned as the Stonehenge’s theorised reason for being?

The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

According to paragraph 3, what is the speculation of Gerald Hawkins concerning the purpose of the heritage?

Vocational training in the UK is intended to give people the skills and knowledge they need to perform a particular job, and involves practical instruction as well as theory. Most vocational training takes place not in universities but in colleges of further education and in colleges specializing in art, accountancy, etc. some secondary schools now also offer an introduction to vocational training.

NVQs (National Vocational Qualifications) are qualifications that can be obtained by people already working in a particular industry. Colleges of further education run courses to provide a theoretical background. NVQs are awarded on the basis of practical work, spoken and written test, and coursework. There are five levels, from Foundation to Management. Since 1992 many students in schools and colleges have been working for GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications), as an alternative to GCSEs and A levels. GNVQs cover similar areas to NVQs and are intended as introductions to a particular field of work and the skills required. Students can choose from over 500 subjects. At the lowest of its three levels foundation, a GNVQ is equivalent to a GCSE and from 2002 they are being replaced by new vocational GCSEs.

In the US there are no national qualifications like NVQs, though some professional organizations decide on their own qualifications and some of these have become widely accepted. Much vocational training is done by private institutions which are sometimes called proprietary schools. Although many of these are good, in general they have a bad reputation. This is partly because there are no controls over who can operate such a school. Some proprietary schools try to get as many students as possible, including some who will probably not be able to complete their training.

Most US secondary schools programs do not provide a choice between an academic and a practical track (a program of study), but most do give students an opportunity to take some practical or vocational classes. Large school districts may have magnet schools, schools that attract students with certain interests, and some of these may have a large choice of vocational courses.

The passage provides readers with __________.

What is true about vocational training according to the passage?

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

The word "its" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.

It can be inferred from the reading about the vocational training in the US that _______.