10 bài tập Toán 9 Chân trời sáng tạo Bài 2. Căn bậc ba có đáp án
10 câu hỏi
Tính các căn bậc ba sau
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{64}}\) b) \(\sqrt[3]{{ - 512}}\). c) \(\sqrt[3]{{0,064}}\)
d) \(\sqrt[3]{{ - 0,216}}\) e) \(\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{500}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{4}}} + \sqrt[3]{{12}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{18}}\) f) \(\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{12}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{6}}}{{\sqrt[3]{{576}}}} - \frac{{\sqrt[3]{{32}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{4}}}\)
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{64}} = 4\).
b) \(\sqrt[3]{{ - 512}} = - 8\)
c) \(\sqrt[3]{{0,064}} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{{64}}{{1000}}}} = \frac{{\sqrt[3]{{64}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{{1000}}}} = \frac{4}{{10}}\).
d) \(\sqrt[3]{{ - 0,216}} = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( { - 6} \right)}^3}}} = - 6\).
e) \(\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{500}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{4}}} + \sqrt[3]{{12}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{18}} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{{500}}{4}}} + \sqrt[3]{{12 \cdot 18}} = \sqrt[3]{{125}} + \sqrt[3]{{216}} = 5 + 6 = 11\)
f) \(\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{12}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{6}}}{{\sqrt[3]{{576}}}} - \frac{{\sqrt[3]{{32}}}}{{\sqrt[3]{4}}} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{{12 \cdot 6}}{{576}}}} - \sqrt[3]{{\frac{{32}}{4}}} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{8}}} - \sqrt[3]{8} = \frac{1}{2} - 2 = - \frac{3}{2}\).
Thực hiện phép tính
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{ - 18}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{3}\). b) \(\sqrt[3]{{\left( {\sqrt 2 + 1} \right)\left( {3 + 2\sqrt 2 } \right)}};\;\;\sqrt[3]{{\left( {4 - 2\sqrt 3 } \right)\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}\).
c) \(\left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2} - \frac{1}{4}\sqrt[3]{{16}}} \right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{4}\). d)\[\left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{9} - 2\sqrt[3]{3} + 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{3}}}} \right):2\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{3}}}\].
e) \(\left( {\sqrt[3]{9} - \sqrt[3]{6} + \sqrt[3]{4}} \right)\left( {\sqrt[3]{3} + \sqrt[3]{2}} \right)\).
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{ - 18}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{3} = \sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2} \cdot ( - 18) \cdot 3}} = \sqrt[3]{{ - 27}} = - 3\).
b) \(\sqrt[3]{{\left( {\sqrt 2 + 1} \right)\left( {3 + 2\sqrt 2 } \right)}} = \sqrt[3]{{\left( {\sqrt 2 + 1} \right){{\left( {\sqrt 2 + 1} \right)}^2}}} = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {\sqrt 2 + 1} \right)}^3}}} = \sqrt 2 + 1\).
\(\sqrt[3]{{\left( {4 - 2\sqrt 3 } \right)\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}} = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}} = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}^3}}} = \sqrt 3 - 1\).
c) \(\left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2} - \frac{1}{4}\sqrt[3]{{16}}} \right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{4} = \left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2} - \frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{2}} \right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{4} = 0\).
d) \[\left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{9} - 2\sqrt[3]{3} + 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{3}}}} \right):2\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{3}}} = \left( {\frac{1}{2}\sqrt[3]{9} - 2\sqrt[3]{3} + \sqrt[3]{9}} \right):\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{9} = \left( {\frac{3}{2}\sqrt[3]{9} - 2\sqrt[3]{3}} \right):\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{9} = \frac{9}{4} - \sqrt[3]{9}\].
e) \(\left( {\sqrt[3]{9} - \sqrt[3]{6} + \sqrt[3]{4}} \right)\left( {\sqrt[3]{3} + \sqrt[3]{2}} \right) = \left( {\sqrt[3]{{{3^2}}} - \sqrt[3]{{3 \cdot 2}} + \sqrt[3]{{{2^2}}}} \right)\left( {\sqrt[3]{3} + \sqrt[3]{2}} \right) = {\left( {\sqrt[3]{3}} \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)^3} = 3 + 2 = 5\).
Thực hiện phép tính:
a)\[{\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right)^3} - {\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} - 1} \right)^3}\] b)\[\left( {12\sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{{16}} - 2\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)\left( {5\sqrt[3]{4} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}}} \right)\].
c) \[\left( {12\sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{{16}} - 2\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)\left( {5\sqrt[3]{4} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}}} \right)\].
a) \[\sqrt[3]{{ - 64}} - \sqrt[3]{{125}} + \sqrt[3]{{216}} = - 4 - 5 + 6 = - 3\]
b) Ta có \[{\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right)^3} - {\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} - 1} \right)^3}\]
\[ = \left( {\sqrt[3]{4} + 1 - \sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right)}^2} + \left( {\sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} - 1} \right) + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} - 1} \right)}^2}} \right]\]
\[ = 2.\left( {\sqrt[3]{{16}} + 2\sqrt[3]{4} + 1 + \sqrt[3]{{16}} - 1 + \sqrt[3]{{16}} - 2\sqrt[3]{4} + 1} \right) = 2\left( {3\sqrt[3]{{16}} + 1} \right) = 2\left( {6\sqrt[3]{2} + 1} \right)\]
c) Ta có \[\left( {12\sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{{16}} - 2\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)\left( {5\sqrt[3]{4} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}}} \right)\]
\[ = \left( {12\sqrt[3]{2} + 2\sqrt[3]{2} - 2\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)\left( {5\sqrt[3]{4} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}}} \right) = 12\sqrt[3]{2}\left( {5\sqrt[3]{4} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{2}}}} \right) = 120 - 36 = 84\]
Ta có \[x = \frac{2}{{2\sqrt[3]{2} + 2 + \sqrt[3]{4}}} = \frac{2}{{\sqrt[3]{{16}} + 2 + \sqrt[3]{4}}}\]
\[ = \frac{2}{{{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{4}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{2}.\sqrt[3]{4} + {{\left( {\sqrt[3]{2}} \right)}^2}}}\]
\[ = \frac{{2\left( {\sqrt[3]{4} - \sqrt[3]{2}} \right)}}{{4 - 2}} = \sqrt[3]{4} - \sqrt[3]{2}\]
Tương tự \(y = \frac{6}{{2\sqrt[3]{2} - 2 + \sqrt[3]{4}}} = \sqrt[3]{4} + \sqrt[3]{2}\)
Do đó: \(x{y^3} - {x^3}y = xy\left( {{y^2} - {x^2}} \right) = xy\left( {y - x} \right)\left( {y + x} \right) = 8\left( {2\sqrt[3]{2} - \sqrt[3]{4}} \right)\)
Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) \(A = \sqrt[3]{{20 + 14\sqrt 2 }} + \sqrt[3]{{20 - 14\sqrt 2 }}\). b) \(B = \sqrt[3]{{182 + \sqrt {33125} }} + \sqrt[3]{{182 - \sqrt {33125} }}\).
a) \(A = \sqrt[3]{{{2^3} + 3 \cdot {2^2}\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{2^3} - 3 \cdot {2^2}\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + 3 \cdot 2 \cdot {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} - {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}}}\)
\( = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}}} = 2 + \sqrt 2 + 2 - \sqrt 2 = 4\)
b) \({B^3} = 182 + \sqrt {33125} + 182 - \sqrt {33125} + 3\sqrt[3]{{{{182}^2} - 33125}}B = 364 - 3B.\)
Khi đó \({B^3} + 3B - 364 = 0\) nên \(\left( {B - 7} \right)\left( {{B^2} + 7B + 52} \right) = 0\), suy ra \(B = 7\).
(do \({B^2} + 7B + 52 = {\left( {B + \frac{7}{2}} \right)^2} + \frac{{159}}{4} > 0\)).
Rút gon các biểu thức sau:
a) \(A = \left[ {\left( {\frac{1}{a} - \sqrt[6]{{\frac{1}{a}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{a}{{{a^2}}}\sqrt[6]{{{a^5}}} - \frac{3}{a}\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}} \right)} \right] \cdot a\sqrt[3]{a}\).
b) \(B = \sqrt {{a^2} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^4}{b^2}}}} + \sqrt {{b^2} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}{b^4}}}} \).
a) Ta có \(A = \left[ {\left( {\frac{1}{a} - \sqrt[6]{{\frac{1}{a}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{a}{{{a^2}}}\sqrt[6]{{{a^5}}} - \frac{3}{a}\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}} \right)} \right]a\sqrt[3]{a}\)
\( = \left[ {\left( {\frac{1}{a} - \sqrt[6]{{\frac{1}{a}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}} \right) + \left( {\sqrt[6]{{\frac{1}{a}}} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{a}}}} \right)} \right]a\sqrt[3]{a}\)
\( = \left( {\frac{1}{a} + \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} - 3\sqrt[3]{{\frac{1}{a}}}} \right)a\sqrt[3]{a}\)
\( = {a^2} - 3a + \sqrt[3]{a}\).
b) Ta có \(B = \sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}}\sqrt {\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}\sqrt {\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}} \)
\( = \left( {\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}} \right)\sqrt {\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}} \)
\( = \sqrt {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{{a^2}}} + \sqrt[3]{{{b^2}}}} \right)}^3}} .\)
Giải phương trình:
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{{x^3} + 9{x^2}}} = x + 3\) b) \(\sqrt[3]{{5 + x}} - x = 5.\)
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{{x^3} + 9{x^2}}} = x + 3\) \(\sqrt[3]{{{x^3} + 9{x^2}}} = \sqrt[3]{{{{\left( {x + 3} \right)}^3}}}\) \(\begin{array}{l}{x^3} + 9{x^2} = {\left( {x + 3} \right)^3} = {x^3} + 9{x^2} + 27x + 27\\27x + 27 = 0\\x = - 1.\end{array}\) Vậy \(x = - 1.\)
| b) \(\sqrt[3]{{5 + x}} - x = 5\) \[\begin{array}{l}\sqrt[3]{{5 + x}} = x + 5\\x + 5 = {\left( {x + 5} \right)^3}\\\left( {x + 5} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2} - 1} \right] = 0\end{array}\] TH1: \[x + 5 = 0\] nên \[x = - 5\]. TH1: \[{\left( {x + 5} \right)^2} = 1\] \[x + 5 = 1\] hoặc \[x + 5 = - 1\] \[x = - 4\] hoặc \[x = - 6\] Vậy \[x \in \left\{ { - 5\,;\,\,4\,;\,\, - 6} \right\}.\] |
Giải các phương trình sau
a) \[\sqrt[3]{{1\,\,000x}} - \sqrt[3]{{64x}} - \sqrt[3]{{27x}} = 15\] b) \(\sqrt[3]{{x - 3}} + 3 = x\)
a) \[\sqrt[3]{{1\,\,000x}} - \sqrt[3]{{64x}} - \sqrt[3]{{27x}} = 15\] \(\begin{array}{l}10\sqrt[3]{x} - 4\sqrt[3]{x} - 3\sqrt[3]{x} = 15\\\sqrt[3]{x} = 5\\x = 125\end{array}\) Vậy phương trình có một nghiệm \(x = 125\).
| b) \(\sqrt[3]{{x - 3}} + 3 = x\) \(\begin{array}{l}\sqrt[3]{{x - 3}} = x - 3\\x - 3 = {\left( {x - 3} \right)^3}\end{array}\) \(\left( {x - 3} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2} - 1} \right] = 0\) \(\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 4} \right) = 0\) \(x = 3\) hoặc \(x = 2\) hoặc \(x = 4\) Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \{ 2;3;4\} \). |
Giải các phương trình sau:
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{2x - 1}} + \sqrt[3]{{x - 1}} = \sqrt[3]{{3x - 2}}\). b) \(\sqrt[3]{{x + 5}} + \sqrt[3]{{x + 6}} = \sqrt[3]{{2x + 11}}\)
a) \(\sqrt[3]{{2x - 1}} + \sqrt[3]{{x - 1}} = \sqrt[3]{{3x - 2}}\)
\(2x - 1 + x - 1 + 3\sqrt[3]{{\left( {2x - 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}\left( {\sqrt[3]{{2x - 1}} + \sqrt[3]{{x - 1}}} \right) = 3x - 2\)
\(3\sqrt[3]{{\left( {2x - 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {3x - 2} \right)}} = 0\)
\(x = \frac{1}{2}\) hoặc \(x = 1\) hoặc \(x = \frac{2}{3}\).
Thử lại ta thấy các nghiệm đều thỏa mãn phương trình.
Vậy phương trình đã cho có ba nghiệm là \(x = \frac{1}{2}\); \(x = 1\) và \(x = \frac{2}{3}\).
b) \(\sqrt[3]{{x + 5}} + \sqrt[3]{{x + 6}} = \sqrt[3]{{2x + 11}}\)
\(x + 5 + x + 6 + 3\sqrt[3]{{\left( {x + 5} \right)\left( {x + 6} \right)}}\left( {\sqrt[3]{{x + 5}} + \sqrt[3]{{x + 6}}} \right) = 2x + 11\)
\(3\sqrt[3]{{\left( {x + 5} \right)\left( {x + 6} \right)\left( {2x + 11} \right)}} = 0\)
\[x = - 5\] hoặc \[x = - 6\] hoặc \[x = - \frac{{11}}{2}.\]
Thử lại ta thấy các nghiệm đều thỏa mãn phương trình.
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là \(S = \left\{ { - 5; - \frac{{11}}{2}; - 6} \right\}\).
