(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 23
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ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
“Whenasnowleopardstalksitspreyamongthemountainwalls,itmoves softly,slowly,”explainsIndianbiologistRaghunandanSinghChundawat,who hasstudiedtheanimalforyears.“Ifitknocksastoneloose,itwillreachouta foottostopitfromfallingandmakingnoise.”Onemightbemovingrightnow, perfectly silent, maybe close by. But where? And how many are left to see?
Bestknownforitsspottedcoatandlongdistinctivetail,thesnowleopardis oneoftheworld’smostsecretiveanimals.Theseelusivecatscanonlybefound highintheremote,mountainousregionsofcentralAsia.Forthisreason,and because they hunt primarily at night, they are very rarely seen.
Snowleopardshavebeenofficiallyprotectedsince1975,butenforcingthis lawhasprovendifficult.Manycontinuetobekilledfortheirfurandbodyparts, whichareworthafortuneontheblackmarket.Inrecentyears,though,conflict withlocalherdershasalsoledtoanumberofsnowleoparddeaths.Thisis becausethebigcatskilltheherders’animals,anddragthebodiesawaytoeat high up in the mountains.
Asaresultofthesepressures,thecurrentsnowleopardpopulationisestimatedat only4,000 to7,000, andsome fear thatthe actualnumbermay alreadyhave
droppedbelow3,500.Theonlywaytoreversethistrendandbringthesecats backfromnearextinction,sayconservationists,istomakethemmorevaluable alive thandead.
BecausefarmingisdifficultinCentralAsia’scold,drylandscape,traditional culturesdependmostlyonlivestock(mainlysheepandgoats)tosurvivein thesemountainousregions.Atnight,whensnowleopardshunt,herders’ animalsareindangerofsnowleopardattacks.Losingonlyafewanimalscan pushafamilyintodesperatepoverty.“Thewolfcomesandkills,eats,andgoes somewhereelse,”saidoneherder,“butsnowleopardsarealwaysaround.They havekilledoneortwoanimalsmanytime.Everybodywantedtofinishthis leopard.”
Toaddressthisproblem,localreligiousleadershavecalledforanendtosnow leopardkillings,sayingthatthesewildanimalshavetherighttoexist peacefully.They’vealsotriedtoconvincepeoplethattheleopardsarequite rareandthusitisimportanttoprotectthem.Financialincentivesarealso helpingtoslowsnowleopardkillings.TheorganizationSnowLeopard Conservancy–IndiahasestablishedHimalayanHomestays,aprogramthat sendsvisitorstotheregiontoherders’houses.Foracleanroomandbed,meals withthefamily,andanintroductiontotheirculture,visitorspayabouttenU.S. dollarsanight.Havingguestsonceeverytwoweeksthroughthetouristseason providestheherderswithenoughincometoreplacetheanimalslosttosnow leopards.Inaddition,Homestayshelpsherdersbuildprotectivefencesthatkeep outsnowleopards.Theorganizationalsoconductsenvironmentalclassesat villageschoolsandtrainsHomestaysmembersasnatureguides,availablefor hire. In exchange,the herders agree not to kill snow leopards.
InMongolia,aprojectcalledSnowLeopardEnterprises(SLE)helpsherder communitiesearnextramoneyinexchangefortheirpromisetoprotectthe endangeredcat.WomeninMongolianherdercommunitiesmakeavarietyof products—yarnformakingclothes,decorativefloorrugs,andtoys—usingthe woolfromtheirherds.SLEbuystheseitemsfromherdingfamiliesandsells themabroad.Herdersmustagreetoprotectthesnowleopardsandtoencourage neighbors to do the same.
Thearrangementincreasesherders’incomesby10to15percentand “elevates”thestatusofthewomen.Ifnooneinthecommunitykillsthe protectedanimalsoverthecourseofayear,theprogrammembersarerewarded witha20percentbonusinadditiontothemoneythey’vealreadymade.An independentreviewin2006foundnosnowleopardkillingsinareaswhereSLE operates. Today the organization continuesto add more communities.ProjectsliketheHomestaysprograminIndiaandSLE’sbusinessinMongolia aredoingwell,thoughtheycoveronlyasmallpartofthesnowleopard’s homeland,theymaketheleopardsmorevaluabletomorepeopleeachyear.If theseprogramscontinuetodowell,thesnowleopardmayjusthaveafigting chance.
WhichoftheseisNOTtrueabouttheHimalayanHomestays program?
The organization helpsherders to build fences.
Herders provide accommodation to guests.
Some herders work as nature guides.
Visitors pay $10 a week to stay at a herder’s house.
The purpose of the projects mentioned is
to persuade herders to live on eco-tourism not raisinganimals
to elevate the status of the women in the communities
to increase the population ofsnow leopards in wildlife reserves
to make localpeople have a sustainablelife toprotect snow leopards
The phrase “this trend” in paragraph 4 refers to
thefallinthesnowleopardpopulation
thepressurescausedbythe black market
increasingconflictwith the herders
the opinions of conservationists
What is the main idea of the thirdparagraph?
Local herders are uncooperativein attempts to save snow leopards.
The snow leopard’s endangerment is due to in part to the blackmarket.
Snow leopards are killed for their fur and bodyparts.
It is difficult to enforce the laws madeto protect the snow leopard.
The word “address” in in paragraph 6 can be replaced by
solve
locate
discuss
Change
WhyistheMongolianwomen'sstatusinthecommunity “elevated”?
They can encourage their neighbours.
They are savingmoney for the snow leopards.
They are earning money for the community.
They are living higher up inthe mountain.
Accordingtoconservationists,whatisthebestwaytosavethe snow leopard?
Create a nature park where they can be free
Move herders away fromwhere the snow leopardlives
Pass laws to punish people who kill snow leopards for their fur
Make people recognize the value of living snow leopards.
The word “bodies”in paragraph 3 refers to
the big cats
local herders
snow leopards
the herders’ animals
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Beforethe1500’s,thewesternplainsofNorthAmericaweredominatedby farmers.Onegroup,theMandans,livedintheupperMissouriRivercountry, primarilyinpresent–dayNorthDakota.Theyhadlargevillagesofhousesbuilt closetogether.ThetightarrangementenabledtheMandanstoprotect
themselvesmoreeasilyfromtheattacksofotherswhomightseektoobtain someofthefoodthesehighlycapablefarmersstoredfromoneyeartothenext.
Thewomenhadprimaryresponsibilityforthefields.Theyhadtoexercise considerableskilltoproducethedesiredresults,fortheirnorthernlocation meantfleetinggrowingseasons.Winteroftenlingered;autumncouldbe usheredinbyseverefrost.Forgoodmeasure,duringthespringandsummer, drought,heat,hail,grasshoppers,andotherfrustrationsmightawaitthewary grower.
Undersuchconditions,Mandanwomenhadtogrowmaizecapableof weatheringadversity.Theybeganasearlyasitappearedfeasibletodosointhe spring,clearingtheland,usingfiretoclearstubblefromthefieldsandthen planting. From thispointuntilthe firstgreen corn couldbe harvested, thecrop required labor and vigilance.
Harvestingproceededintwostages.InAugusttheMandanspickedasmaller amountofthecropbeforeithadmaturedfully.Thisgreencornwasboiled, driedandshelled,withsomeofthemaizeslatedforimmediateconsumption andthereststoredinanimal–skinbags.Laterinthefall,thepeoplepickedthe restofthecorn.Theysavedthebestoftheharvestforseedsorfortrade,with the remaindereaten right awayorstoredfor alter use inundergroundreserves. Withappropriatebankingoftheextrafood,theMandansprotectedthemselves against thedisaster of cropfailure and accompanyhunger.
Thewomanplantedanotherstaple,squash,aboutthefirstofJune,and harvesteditnearthetimeofthegreencornharvest.Aftertheypickedit,they slicedit,driedit,andstrungtheslicesbeforetheystoredthem.Onceagain, theysavedtheseedsfromthebestoftheyear’scrop.TheMandansalsogrew sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the particular task of the older men.
What is the main topic of the passage?
The problems encountered by farmers specializing in growing once crop
The agricultural activities of a North American Society
Various ways corn can be used.
Weatherconditions on the western plains.
The Mandans built their houses close together in order to_____.
guard their supplies of food
protect themselves against the weather
share farming implements
allow more room for growing corn
Theword“enabled”inthefirstparagraphisclosestin meaningto _____.
covered
helped
reminded
isolated
WhydoestheauthorbelievethattheMandanswereskilled farmers
They developed effective fertilizers.
They could grow crops in most types of soil.
They could grow crops despite adverse weather.
They developed new varieties of corn.
Theword“consumption”intheparagraphisclosestinmeaningto _____.
decay
conversation
eating
planting
Whichofthefollowingprocessesdoestheauthorimplywasdone by both men and women?
clearing fields
Harvesting corn
Harvesting squash
Planting corn
Theword“disaster”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_____.
control
catastrophe
history
avoidance
The word “them” in the last paragraph refers to _____.
women
seeds
slices
the Mandans
Which of the following crops was cultivated primarily by men?
Sunflower
Corn
Squash
Tobacco
Throughoutthepassage,theauthorimpliesthattheMandans _____.
valued individuality
were very adventurous
were open to strangers
planned for the future
Readthefollowing passageand markthe lettersA, B,Cor D onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightningandroaringthunder,are actuallyoneofnature’sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthe surfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lying pocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketsof warmairfloatupwardthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier. Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirlatentheatis releasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.
Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureofthe atmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherand loweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmass dropsmoreslowly.Duringthesecoldermonths,theatmosphere,therefore, tendstoremainratherstable.Insummer,however,whenthereisahigh accumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttothe considerablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigher andloweraltitudesismuch morepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeof environment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter; whenthetemperaturedropsmorethan4degreesFahrenheitperthousandfeet ofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbus cloud, or thunderhead.
In isolation, asingle thunderstormis animpressive butfairly benign way for MotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however, canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,can alsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollision betweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,
or seriesof thunderheads, may develop.It iscommonforasquall lineto begin whenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerof warmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardat speedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbe hundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isa magnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthe squallline,oftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that serve as the source of tornadoes.
The topic of the passage is ________.
the development of thunderstorms and squall lines
the devastatingeffects of tornadoes
cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds
the power of tornadoes
The word “mechanisms” in paragraph 1 is most likely ________.
machines
motions
methods
materials
It can be inferredfrom the passage that, in summer, ________.
thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandlower altitudes
thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes makes thunderstorms more likely to occur
there is not much cold air higher up in theatmosphere
the temperature of rising air drops more slowly than it does in winter
Theword“benign”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto ________.
harmless
beneficial
ferocious
spectacular
Theexpression“inconcert”inparagraph3couldbestbereplaced by ________.
as a chorus
as a cluster
withother musicians
in a performance
The word “itself” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.
a large-scale collision
an advancing cold front
a squall line
a layer ofwarm andmoist air
Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercells EXCEPT that they ________.
are of short duration
have circlingwinds
have extraordinary power
can give birthto tornadoes
Thisreadingwouldmostprobablybeassignedinwhichofthe following courses?
Geography
Meteorology
Marine Biology
Chemistry
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Aconsiderablebodyofresearchhasdemonstratedacorrelationbetweenbirth orderandaspectssuchastemperamentandbehavior,andsomepsychologists believethatbirthordersignificantlyaffectsthedevelopmentofpersonality. PsychologistAlfredAdlerwasapioneerinthestudyoftherelationship betweenbirthorderandpersonality.Akeypointinhisresearchandinthe hypothesisthathedevelopedbasedonitwasthatitwasnottheactualnumerical birthpositionthataffectedpersonality;instead,itwasthesimilarresponsesin largenumbersoffamiliestochildreninspecificbirthorderpositionsthathad aneffect.Forexample,first-borns,whohavetheirparentstothemselves initiallyanddonothavetodealwithsiblingsinthefirstpartoftheirlives,tend tohavetheirfirstsocializationexperienceswithadultsandthereforetendto findtheprocessofpeersocializationmoredifficult.Incontrast,later-born childrenhavetodealwithsiblingsfromthefirstmomentoftheirlivesand therefore tend to have stronger socialization skills.
NumerousstudiessinceAdler’shavebeenconductedontheeffectofbirth orderandpersonality.Thesestudieshavetendedtoclassifybirthordertypes
intofourdifferentcategories:first-born,second-bornand/ormiddle,last,and only child.
Studieshaveconsistentlyshownthatfirst-bornchildrentendtoexhibit similar,positiveandnegativepersonalitytraits.First-bornshaveconsistently beenlinkedwithacademicachievementinvariousstudies;inonestudy,the numberofNationalMeritscholarshipwinnerswhoarefirst-bornswasfound tobeequaltothenumberofsecond-andthird-bornscombined.First-bornshave beenfoundtobemoreresponsibleandassertivethanthosebornin otherbirth-orderpositionsandtendtorisetopositionsofleadershipmoreoftenthan others;morefirst-bornshaveservedintheU.S.CongressandasU.S.presidents thanhavethoseborninotherbirth-orderpositions.However,studieshave shownthatfirst-bornstendtobemoresubjecttostressandwereconsidered problemchildren more often than later-borns.
Second-bornand/ormiddlechildrendemonstratemarkedlydifferent tendenciesfromfirst-borns.Theytendtofeelinferiortotheolderchildor children because it is difficult for themto comprehend that their lower level of achievementisafunctionofageratherthanability,andtheyoftentryto succeedinareasotherthanthoseinwhichtheiroldersiblingorsiblingsexcel. Theytendtobemoretrusting,accepting,andfocusedonothersthanthemore self-centered first-borns, and they tend tohavea comparatively higher level of successinteamsportsthandofirst-bornsoronlychildren,whomoreoften excel in individual sports.
Thelast-bornchildistheonewhotendstobetheeternalbabyofthefamily andthusoftenexhibitsastrongsenseofsecurity.Last-bornscollectively achievethehighestdegreeofsocialsuccessanddemonstratethehighestlevels ofself-esteemofallthebirth-orderpositions.Theyoftenexhibitless competitivenessthan olderbrothersandsisters andare more likely totakepart inlesscompetitivegroupgamesorinsocialorganizationssuchassororities and fraternities.
Onlychildrentendtoexhibitsomeofthemaincharacteristicsoffirst-borns andsomeofthecharacteristicsoflast-borns.Onlychildrentendtoexhibitthe strongsenseofsecurityandself-esteemexhibitedbylastbornswhile,likefirst-borns,theyaremoreachievementorientedandmorelikelythanmiddle-orlast-bornstoachieveacademicsuccess.However,onlychildrentendtohavethe mostproblemsestablishingcloserelationshipsandexhibitalowerneedfor affiliationthan other children.
Theword“body”inparagraph1couldbestbereplaced by________.
amount
organization
corpse
skeleton
Theword“key”inparagraph1couldbestbereplaced by________.
secret
studied
significant
locked
The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to________.
component
research
hypothesis
personality
What is stated in paragraph 1 about Adler?
Hehadfoundthattheresponsesbyfamilymembershadlittletodowith personality.
He believed that it was the actual birth order that affected personality.
He was one of thefirst tostudy the effect of birth order on personality.
He was the only one to study birth order.
Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information intheitalicsentenceinparagraph3?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaningin importantways or leave out essential information.
Becausefirst-bornstendtobeveryassertive,theyareuncomfortableserving in government positions.
Severalexamplessupporttheideathatfirst-bornshavecharacteristicsthat make them leaders.
Aninterestingfactthatisdifficulttoexplainisthatmanyfirst-bornshave served in high government positions.
Inspiteofcertaincharacteristicsthatfirst-bornspossess,manyofthem become leaders.
Theword“accepting”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaning to________.
respectable
affectionatev
admissible
tolerant
Which of the following is NOT true?
Middle children tend to have apreference for team sports.
First-borns tend to do well inindividual sports.
Only children tend to prefer individual over team sports.
Last-borns tend to prefer games withfierce competition.
Thephrase“moreachievementoriented”intheparagraph6is closest in meaning to ______.
more skilled as leaders
more aware ofsurroundings
more directly involved
more focused on accomplishments
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