(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 23
28 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Untilrecently,mostAmericanentrepreneursweremen.Discrimination againstwomeninbusiness,thedemandsofcaringforfamilies,andlackof businesstraininghadkeptthenumberofwomenentrepreneurssmall.Now, however,businessesownedbywomenaccountformorethan$40billionin annualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe 1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusiness Administration,hasnoted,"The1970swasthedecadeofwomenentering management,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewoman entrepreneur".Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething, asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporate world,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommost executivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,"Inthe 1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecome chairmanoftheboard.Nowthey'vefoundoutthatisn'tgoingtohappen,so they go out on their own".
Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin"women's"fields:cosmetics andclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputer Systems,a$22-million-a-yearcomputersoftwarebusiness.Itwasfoundedin 1973bySandraKurtzig,whowasthenahousewifewithdegreesinmathand engineering.WhenKurtzigfoundedthebusiness,herfirstproductwassoftware thatletweeklynewspaperskeeptabsontheirnewspapercarriers-andher officewasabedroomathome,withashoeboxunderthebedtoholdthe company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hiredseveralbrightcomputer-sciencegraduatestodevelopadditional programs.Whentheseweremarketedandsold,ASKbegantogrow.Itnowhas 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.
Ofcourse,manywomenwhostarttheirownbusinessesfail,justasmenoften do.Theystillfacehurdlesinthebusinessworld,especiallyproblemsinraising money;thebankingandfinanceworldisstilldominatedbymen,andold attitudesdiehard.Mostbusinessesownedbywomenarestillquitesmall.But thesituationischanging;therearelikelytobemanymoreSandraKurtzigsin the years ahead.
What is the main idea of this passage?
The computer is especially lucrative forwomen today.
Womentodayarebettereducatedthaninthepast,makingthemmore attractive to the business world.
Women are betterat small business thanmen are.
Women today areopening more business of their own.
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin ở đoạn 1: Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s.
Ngày nay, phụ nữ ngày càng có xu hướng mở rộng kinh doanh, và xu hướng này tăng lên trong suốt những năm 1990.
The word “excluded” is closestmeaning to ___________ .
often invited to
not permitted in
decorators of
charged admission to
Chọn đáp án C
“excluded” ∼ not permitted in: bị loại trừ khỏi, không được cho phép often invited to: thường xuyên được mời đến
decorators of: trang trí của…
charged admission to: cho phép, cấp phép cho…
Allofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasdetriments to women in the business world EXCEPT ___________.
Women were required to stayat home with their families.
Women faced discrimination in business.
Women lacked abilityto work in business.
Women were not trained in business.
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở câu thứ 2 của đoạn 1: Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.
Tất cả A. B , D đều có trong bài, chỉ có C Women lacked ability to work in business (Phụ nữ thiếu khả năng làm việc) là không được nhắc đến.
Accordingtothepassage,CharlotteTaylorbelievesthatwomen in 1970s ___________
were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management.
had fewer obstacles inbusiness thanthey do today.
were unable to workhard enough to success in business.
were still more interested ineducation than business opportunities
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin ở câu trong ngoặc kép: “The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur”.
“Những năm 1970 là thập kỷ phụ nữ bước vào quản lý, và những năm 1980 hóa ra lại là thập kỷ của doanh nhân nữ”.
⇒ Do đó, phụ nữ trong những năm 1970 đã không thực tế về cơ hội của họ trong quản lý kinh doanh.
Theauthormentionsthe“shoesboxunderthebed”inorderto ___________.
show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig
show the frugality of women in business
pointoutthatinitiallythefinancialresourcesofSandraKurtzig’sbusiness were limited
suggest that the company needed toexpand
Chọn đáp án C
a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash ∼ Point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig‟s business were limited: Nguồn tài chính ban đầu của Sandra Kurtzig khá hạn hẹp.
Theexpression“keeptabson”isclosestmeaningto ___________.
pay the salaries of
keep records of
provide transportation for
recognizethe appearance of
Chọn đáp án B
“ keep tabs on” ∼ keep records of : theo dõi, kiểm soát
Đây là một khẩu ngữ: keep a tab (tabs) on something (somebody): theo dõi kiểm soát ai, cái gì
The word “hurdles” can be best replaced by ___________.
fences
obstacles
questions
smallgroups
Chọn đáp án A
“hurdles” ∼ fences: rào cản, vật chướng ngại
Ở đây không dùng obstacles mặc dù nó cũng có nghĩa là vật chướng ngại, bởi vì trong tiếng anh, đặc biệt là trong lĩnh vực doanh nghiệp (business), các loại rào cản được dùng bằng từ fences.
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat business operated by women are small because ___________.
Manywomen fail at large businesses.
Women are not able to borrow money easily.
Women prefer a small intimate setting.
Women can’t deal withmoney.
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở những câu của đoạn cuối: They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small.
Họ vẫn phải đối mặt với trở ngại trong thế giới kinh doanh, đặc biệt là vấn đề trong việc huy động tiền; các ngân hàng và tài chính thế giới vẫn còn bị chi phối bởi những người đàn ông, và quan điểm cũ khó mà mất đi được. Hầu hết các doanh nghiệp thuộc sở hữu của phụ nữ vẫn còn khá nhỏ.
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Whotalksmore-menorwomen?Mostpeoplebelievethatwomentalkmore. However,linguistDeborahTannen,whohasthestudiedthecommunication styleofmenandwomen,saysthatthisisastereotype.AccordingtoTannen, womenaremoreverbal-talkmore-inprivatesituations,wheretheyuse conversationasthe“glue’toholdrelationshipstogether.But,shesays,men talkmoreinpublicsituations,wheretheyuseconversationtoexchange informationandgainstatus.Tannenpointsoutthatwecanseethesedifference eveninchildren.Littlegirlsoftenplaywithone‘bestfriend’andtheirplay includesalotofconversation.Littleboysoftenplaygamesingroups,theirplay usuallyinvolvesmoredoingthantalking.Inschool,girlsareoftenbetterat verbal skills, while boys are often betteratmathematics.
ArecentstudyatEmoryUniversityhelpstoshedlightontherootsofthis difference.Researchersstudiedconversationbetweenchildrenaged3-6and theirparents.Theyfoundevidencethatparentstalkverydifferentlytotheir sonsthantheydototheirdaughters.Thestartlingconclusionwasthatparents usemorelanguagewiththeirgirls.Specifically,whenparentstalkwiththeirdaughters,theyusemoredescriptivelanguageandmoredetails.Thereisalso far more talk about emotions, especiallywith daughters than with sons.
Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthefirst paragraph?
Women talkmore than men on the whole
Women’s talking is astereotype
Women talkmore inprivate, and men talk more inpublic
Little boys and little girls have different ways of playing
Chọn đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “women are more verbal - talk more - in private situations men
talk more in public situations”
Which word is similar inmeaning to the word “glue” ?
games
stickysubstance
rope
means
Chọn đáp án B
Glue ∼ sticky substance: chất kết dính, keo hồ
Ta có thể đoán được nghĩa của từ “glue” dựa vào cụm từ “hold relationships together”
Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestexplainsthemeaningofthe word “verbal”?
Deriving from verbs
Using very loudnoise
Connected with use of spoken language
Being very talkative
Chọn đáp án B
Verbal ∼ connected with use of spoken language: bằng lời nói
The word “they” refers to___________.
Situations
Men
Men and women
Women
Chọn đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: “But, she says, men talk more in public situations, where they use conversation to exchange information” (Nhưng bà ấy nói rằng đàn ông nói nhiều hơn trong những tình huống công cộng, nơi mà họ dùng cuộc trò chuyện để trao đổi thông tin)
Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthesecond paragraph?
Researchers have studied the conversations of children and their parents.
Parents do not talk muchabout sadness with their sons.
StudyatEmoryUniversitycanhelptoexplainthedifferencesbetween communication styles of boysand girls.
AnEmoryUniversitystudyfoundthanparentstalkmorewiththeir daughters than with their sons.
Chọn đáp án D
Dẫn chứng: “A recent study at Emory University helps to shed light on the roots of this difference. The startling conclusion was that parents use more language
with their girls”
Which of the following statement is TRUEabout the passage?
Parents give more love to their daughters than to their sons.
Boys don’t like to be with their parents asmuch as girls do.
Parents use more language to talk with their daughters.
Boys don’t like showing emotions.
Chọn đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls. Specifically, when parents talk with their daughters, they use more descriptive language and more details.”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker. Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimparting informationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveys thoughtsandideasthroughchoice ofwords,byatone ofvoicethatispleasant orunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthe languageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularoruneven andhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.When speakingbeforeagroup,aperson'stonemayindicateuncertaintyorfright, confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasand feelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybelievethem.Here,the participant'stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathy orantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmor excitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Public performanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithits owntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivation derivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwith theperformersskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldetermine the success of artistic,political, or pedagogic communication.
Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson'sself-image, perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbya toneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,or exuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygivea cluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhiding behind an overconfident front.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyin anygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,by encouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthe voicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsound of the angry, andby dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
The word “Here” in the passage refers to__________.
interpersonal interaction
the tone
ideas andfeelings
words chosen
Chọn đáp án A
Dẫn chứng: At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy”
Whydoestheauthormention“artistic,political,orpedagogic communication” in the passage?
To introduce the idea of self-image
As examples of public performance
As examples of basic styles of communication
To contrast themto singing
Chọn đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.”
(Tác giả muốn liệt kê những loại hình giao tiếp trên như là những loại hình giao tiếp cơ bản cùa con người)
Theword"derived"inline13isclosestinmeaningto ____________.
discussed
prepared
registered
obtained
Chọn đáp án D
Derived = obtained (v) đạt được, nhận được
Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybean indicationof a person's _______.
general physical health
abilitytocommunicate
personality
vocal quality
Chọn đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits"
Accordingtothepassage,anoverconfidentfrontmayhide _______.
hostility
shyness
friendliness
strength
Chọn đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front"
Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoice indicate?
Lethargy
Depression
Boredom
Anger
Chọn đáp án D
Dẫn chứng: “Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by constricted and harsh sound of the angry”
Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybean indicationof a person’s ____________.
general physical health
abilityto communicate
personality
vocal quality
Chọn đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits”
Accordingtodecision-worksheettheory,anoptimaldecisionis defined as one that
has thefewest variables toconsider
uses themost decision worksheet
has the most points assigned to it
is agreed to by the greatest number of people
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin: A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Researchersinthefieldofpsychologyhavefoundthatoneofthebestwayto makeanimportantdecision,suchaschoosingauniversitytoattendorbusiness toinvestin,involvestheutilizationofadecisionworksheet.Psychologistswho studyoptimizationcomparetheactualdecisionsmadebypeopletotheretical idealdecisionstoseehowsimilartheyare.Proponentsoftheworksheet procedurebelievethatitwillyieldoptimal,thatis,thebestdecisions.Although thereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetscamtake,they are all similar in their essential aspects.
Worksheetsrequiredefiningtheprobleminaclearandconcisewayandthen listingallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Next,thepertinentconsiderations thatallpossiblesolutionstotheproblem.Next,thepertinentconsiderationsthat willbeaffectedbyeachdecisionarelisted,andtherelativeimportanceofeach considerationorconsequenceisdetermined.Eachconsiderationisassigneda numericalvaluetoreflectitsrelativeimportance.Adecisionismathematically calculatedbyaddingthesevaluestogether.Thealternativewiththehighest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Sincemostimportantproblemsaremultifaceted,thereareseveralalternatives tochoosefrom,eachwithuniqueadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneofthe benefitsofapencilandpaperdecision-makingprocedureisthatitpermits people todeal withmorevariables thantheirmindscan generally comprehend andremember.Ontheaverage,peoplecankeepaboutsevenideasintheir mindsatonce.Aworksheetcanbeespeciallyusefulwhenthedecisioninvolves alargenumberofvariableswithcomplexrelationships.Arealisticexamplefor manycollegestudentsisthequestion"WhatwillIdoaftergraduation?"A graduatemightseekapositionthatoffersspecializedtraining,pursuean advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
Adecision-makingworksheetbeginswithasuccinctstatementoftheproblem thatwillalsohelptonarrowit.Itisimportanttobeclearaboutthedistinction betweenlong-rangeandimmediategoalsbecauselong-rangegoalsoften
involveadifferentdecisionthanshort-rangeones.Focusingonlong-range goals,agraduatingstudentmightrevisethequestionaboveto"WhatwillIdo after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Which of the following termsis defined in the passage?
Proponents (paragraph 1)
Optimal (paragraph 1)
Variables (paragraph 3)
Long-range goals (paragraph 4)
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin: Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions.
(Những người ủng hộ bảng tính tin rằng nó sẽ mang lại tối ưu, đó là, các quyết định tốt nhất.)
The word "essential" in paragraph 1 is closest inmeaning to
introductory
fundamental
changeable
Beneficial
Chọn đáp án B
"essential" = fundamental: căn bản, thiết yếu
Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. (Mặc dù có một số biến thể
về định dạng chính xác mà các bảng tính có thể có, tất cả chúng đều giống nhau về các khía cạnh thiết yếu của chúng.)
Theauthorstatesthat"Ontheaverage,peoplecankeepabout seven ideas intheir minds at once" (paragraph 3) to explain that
people can learnto keep more than seven ideas intheirminds with practice
most decisions involve seven steps.
human mental capacity has limitations.
some people have difficulty makingminor as well as major decisions.
Chọn đáp án là B
Câu này nghĩa là: trung bình, mỗi người giữ được 7 suy nghĩ cùng 1 lúc → khả năng thần kinh của con người rất hạn chế, không chứa được nhiều thông tin bằng worksheet.
The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to
worksheet
problem
distinction
Decision
Chọn đáp án B
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. (Một bảng tính ra quyết định bắt đầu bằng một câu ngắn gọn về vấn đề cũng sẽ giúp thu hẹp nó.)
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A comparisonof actual decisions and ideal decisions.
Researchon how people make decisions.
A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
Differences betweenlong-range and short-rangedecision making.
Chọn đáp án C
Bài văn thảo luận về “Một công cụ hỗ trợ đưa ra các quyết định phức tạp” đó là “decision worksheet”
Ofthefollowingsteps,whichoccursBEFOREtheothersin making a decision worksheet?
Listing the consequences of each solution.
Writing down all possible solutions.
Deciding which consequences are most important.
Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
Chọn đáp án A
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem.
Các bước sau đó lần lượt là:
Listing the consequences of each solution.
Deciding which consequences are most important
Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
