(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 22
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ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Wegetgreatpleasurefromreading.The moreadvancedamanis,thegreater delighthewillfindinreading.Theordinarymanmaythinkthatsubjectslike philosophyorscienceareverydifficultandthatifphilosophersandscientists readthesesubjects,itisnotforpleasure.Butthisisnottrue.Themathematician findsthesamepleasureinhismathematicsastheschoolboyinanadventure story.Forboth,itisaplayoftheimagination,amentalrecreationandexercise. Thepleasurederivedfromthisactivityiscommontoallkindsofreading.But
differenttypesofbooksgiveusdifferenttypesofpleasure.Firstinorderof popularityisnovel-reading.Novelscontainpicturesofimaginarypeoplein imaginarysituations,andgiveusanopportunityofescapingintoanewworld verymuchlikeourworldandyetdifferentfromit.Hereweseemtoliveanew life,andtheexperienceofthisnewlifegivesusathrillofpleasure.Nextin orderofpopularityaretravelbooks,biographiesandmemoirs.Thesetellus talesofplaceswehavenotseenandofgreatmeninwhomweareinterested. Some of thesebooksare aswonderful asnovels,andtheyhaveanadded value thattheyaretrue.Suchbooksgiveusknowledge,andwealsofindimmense pleasureinknowingdetailsoflandswehavenotseenandofgreatmenwehave onlyheardof.Readingisoneofthegreatestenjoymentsoflife.Tobook-lovers, nothingismorefascinatingthanafavoritebook.And,theordinaryeducated manwhoisinterestedandabsorbedinhisdailyoccupationwantsto occasionallyescapefromhisdrudgeryintothewonderlandofbooksfor recreation and refreshment.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Different types of books
Different kinds of reading
Reading as an exercise for the brain
Reading as a pleasurable activity
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?
Ordinary people may think that philosophy and science are difficult.
Reading about mathematicsismentally entertaining for a mathematician.
Philosophers and scientists do not read forpleasure.
A more advancedperson takes greater pleasure in reading.
Theword“derived”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto ______.
differed
established
bought
obtained
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
a new life
our world
an opportunity
a thrill of pleasure
Theword“immense”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto ______.
great
limited
personal
controlled
Accordingtothepassage,travelbooks,biographiesandmemoirs ______.
are wonderful novels
tell stories of well-known places
are less popular than novels
are more valuable than novels
Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingisthemost fascinating to booklovers?
A dailyoccupation
An ordinary educatedman
The wonderland
A favorite book
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Sincewateristhebasisoflife,composingthegreaterpartofthetissuesofall livingthings,thecrucialproblemofdesertanimalsistosurviveinaworld wheresourcesofflowingwaterarerare.Andsinceman’sinexorablenecessity istoabsorblargequantitiesofwateratfrequentintervals,hecanscarcely comprehendthatmanycreaturesofthedesertpasstheirentireliveswithouta single drop.
Uncompromisingasitis,thedeserthasnoteliminatedlifebutonlythose formsunabletowithstanditsdesiccatingeffects.Nomoist-skinned,water-lovinganimalscanexistthere.Fewlargeanimals arefound.Thegiantsofthe NorthAmericandesertarethedeer,thecoyote,andthebobcat.Sincedesert countryisopen,itholdsmoreswift-footedrunningandleapingcreaturesthan thetangledforest.Itspopulationislargelynocturnal,silent,filledwith reticence, andruled by stealth. Yet they are notemaciated.Havingadaptedtotheiraustereenvironment,theyareashealthyasanimals anywhereelseintheword.Thesecretoftheiradjustmentliesinthe combinationofbehaviorandphysiology.Nonecouldsurviveif,likemaddogs andEnglishmen,theywentoutinthemiddaysun;manywoulddieina matter ofminutes.Somostofthempasstheburninghoursasleepincool,humid burrowsunderneaththeground,emergingtohuntonlybynight.Thesurfaceof thesun-bakeddesertaveragesaround150degrees,but18inchesdownthe temperature is only 60 degrees.
Theauthormentionsallthefollowingasexamplesofthebehavior of desert animals EXCEPT
they are watchful and quiet
they dig home underground
theysleep during the day
they are noisyand aggressive
We can infer from thepassage that
healthyanimalslivelongerlives
livingthingsadjusttotheir environment
desert life is colorful and diverse
water is the basis ofdesert life
According to the passage, creatures in the desert
are smaller and fleeter than forest animals
are more active during the day than those in the tangled forest
live in an accommodatingenvironment
are not as healthyas those anywhereelse in the world
Thephrase“thoseforms”inthepassagereferstoallofthe following EXCEPT
moist-skinned animals
water-loving animals
many large animals
the coyote andthe bobcat
The word “them” means
animals
minutes
people
water
The word “emaciated” in thepassagemostlymeans
wild
unmanageable
cunning
unhealthy
Mancanhardlyunderstandwhymanyanimalslivetheirwhole life in the desert, as
water is an essential part of his existence
very few large animals are found in thedesert
sources of flowing water are rare in a desert
water composes the greater part of the tissues of living things
The title for this passage could be
“Man’s Life in a DesertEnvironment”
“Life Underground”
Animal Life in aDesertEnvironment”
“Life Underground”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Learningmeansacquiringknowledgeordevelopingtheabilitytoperform newbehaviors.It iscommon to think oflearning assomething thattakesplace inschool,butmuchofhumanlearningoccursoutsidetheclassroom,andpeople continue to learn throughout their lives.
Evenbeforetheyenterschool,youngchildrenlearntowalk,totalk,andto usetheirhandstomanipulatetoys,food,andotherobjects.Theyusealloftheir sensestolearnaboutthesights,sounds,tastes,andsmellsintheir environments.Theylearnhowtointeractwiththeirparents,siblings,friends, andotherpeopleimportanttotheirworld.Whentheyenterschool,children learn basic academicsubjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They alsocontinuetolearnagreatdealoutsidetheclassroom.Theylearnwhich behaviorsarelikelytoberewardedandwhicharelikelytobepunished.They learnsocialskillsforinteractingwithotherchildren.Aftertheyfinishschool, peoplemustlearntoadapttothemanymajorchangesthataffecttheirlives, suchasgettingmarried,raisingchildren,andfindingandkeepingajob. Becauselearning continues throughoutour lives andaffectsalmosteverything wedo,thestudyoflearningisimportantinmanydifferentfields.Teachersneedtounderstandthebestwaysto educatechildren.Psychologists,socialworkers, criminologists,andotherhuman-serviceworkersneedtounderstandhow certainexperienceschangepeople’sbehaviors.Employers,politicians,and advertisersmakeuseoftheprinciplesoflearningtoinfluencethebehaviorof workers, voters, and consumers.
Learningis closely relatedto memory, whichisthestorageofinformationin thebrain.Psychologistswhostudymemoryareinterestedinhowthebrain storesknowledge,wherethisstoragetakesplace,andhowthebrainlater retrievesknowledgewhenweneedit.Incontrast,psychologistswhostudy learningaremoreinterestedinbehaviorandhowbehaviorchangesasaresult of a person’s experiences.
Therearemanyformsoflearning,rangingfromsimpletocomplex.Simple formsof learning involve asingle stimulus. Astimulus is anything perceptible tothesenses,suchasasight,sound,smell,touch,ortaste.Inaformoflearning knownasclassicalconditioning,peoplelearntoassociatetwostimulithatoccur insequence,suchaslightningfollowedbythunder.Inoperantconditioning, peoplelearnbyforminganassociationbetweenabehaviorandits consequences(rewardorpunishment).Peopleandanimalscanalsolearnby observation-thatis,bywatchingothersperformbehaviors.Morecomplex formsof learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.
Gettingmarried,raisingchildren,andfindingandkeepingajob are mentioned in paragraph 2 as examples of ______.
the situations in whichpeople cannot teach themselves
the ways people’s lives are influenced by education
the changesto which people have to orient themselves
the areasof learning which affect people’s lives
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingislearningin broad view comprised of?
Acquisition of social and behavioural skills
Knowledgeacquisition outside the classroom
Acquisition of academic knowledge
Knowledge acquisition and ability development
Accordingtothepassage,whatarechildrenNOTusuallytaught outside the classroom?
literacyand calculation
right from wrong
life skills
interpersonal communication
The passage mainly discusses ______.
practical examples of learning inside the classroom
simpleforms of learning
applicationof learningprinciples to formal education
general principles of learning
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsocialworkers,employers, andpoliticiansconcernthemselveswiththestudyoflearningbecausetheyneed to ______.
make the objects of their interest more aware ofthe importance of learning
understandhowastimulusrelatestothesensesoftheobjectsoftheirinterest
thoroughly understand the behaviours of the objects of their interest
change the behaviours of the objects of their interest towards learning
Accordingtothepassage,thestudyoflearningisimportantin many fieldsdue to ______.
the need for certain experiences in various areas
the exploration ofthe best teachingmethods
the influenceof various behaviours inthelearning process
the great influence of the on-going learning process
Theword“retrieves”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto _______.
recovers
creates
generates
gains
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Animalshaveanintuitiveawarenessofquantities.Theyknowwithout analysisthedifferencebetweenanumberofobjectsandasmallernumber.In hisbook“ThenaturalHistoryofSelboure”(1786),thenaturalistGilbert White tellshow he surreptitiouslyremovedone egga day froma plover’s nest ,andhowthe motherlaidanothereggeachdaytomakeupforthe missingone .Henotedthatotherspeciesofbirdsignoretheabsenceofasingleeggbut abandontheirnestsifmorethanoneegghasbeenremoved.Ithasalsobeen notedbynaturaliststhatacertaintypeofwaspalwaysprovidesfive–never four,neversix-caterpillarsforeachoftheireggssothattheiryounghave somethingtoeatwhentheeggshatch.Researchhasalsoshownthatbothmice andpigeonscanbetaughttodistinguishbetweenoddandevennumbersoffood pieces.
Theseandsimilaraccountshaveledsomepeopletoinferthatcreaturesother thanhumanscanactuallycount.Theyalsopointtodogsthathavebeentaught torespondtonumericalquestionswiththecorrectnumberofbarks,ortohorses thatseemtosolvearithmeticproblemsbystompingtheirhoovestheproper number of times.
Animalsrespondtoquantitiesonlywhentheyareconnectedtosurvivalasa species–asinthecaseoftheeggs–orsurvivalasindividuals-asinthecase offood.Thereisnotransfertoothersituationsorfromconcreterealitytothe abstractnotionofnumbers.Animalscan“count”onlywhentheobjectsare presentandonlywhenthenumbersinvolvedaresmall–notmorethanseven oreight.Inlabexperiments,animalstrainedto“count”onekindofobjectwere unable tocountanyothertype. Theobjects, notthenumbers,arewhatinterest them.Animalsadmittedlyremarkableachievementssimplydonotamountto evidenceofcounting, nordotheyrevealmorethaninnateinstincts, refinedby thegenesofsuccessivegenerations,ortheresultsofclever,careful conditioning bytrainers.
What is the main idea of this passage?
Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannotactually count.
Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.
Carefultrainingisrequiredtoteachanimalstoperformtricksinvolving numbers
Animals cannot “count” more than onekind of object.
Why does the author refer to Gilbert White’s book in line 2?
To indicate that more research isneeded in this field.
To show how attitudes have changed since1786.
To provide evidencethat some birds are aware of quantities.
To contradict the idea that animals cancount.
The word “surreptitiously” is closest inmeaning to
quickly
occasionally
stubbornly
secretly
The word “odd” refers to which of the following?
numbers such as 1, 3, 5 and so on
numbers such as 2, 4, 6 and so on
lucky numbers
unusual numbers
Theauthormentionsthatallofthefollowingareawareof quantities in some ways EXCEPT
wasps
Plovers
caterpillars
mice
The word “accounts” is closest inmeaning to
reasons
reports
deceptions
invoices
Howwouldtheauthorprobablycharacterizethepeoplewhoare mentioned in the first line of the second paragraph
Asfoolish
As demanding
As clever
As mistaken
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