(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 22
29 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Wegetgreatpleasurefromreading.The moreadvancedamanis,thegreater delighthewillfindinreading.Theordinarymanmaythinkthatsubjectslike philosophyorscienceareverydifficultandthatifphilosophersandscientists readthesesubjects,itisnotforpleasure.Butthisisnottrue.Themathematician findsthesamepleasureinhismathematicsastheschoolboyinanadventure story.Forboth,itisaplayoftheimagination,amentalrecreationandexercise. Thepleasurederivedfromthisactivityiscommontoallkindsofreading.But
differenttypesofbooksgiveusdifferenttypesofpleasure.Firstinorderof popularityisnovel-reading.Novelscontainpicturesofimaginarypeoplein imaginarysituations,andgiveusanopportunityofescapingintoanewworld verymuchlikeourworldandyetdifferentfromit.Hereweseemtoliveanew life,andtheexperienceofthisnewlifegivesusathrillofpleasure.Nextin orderofpopularityaretravelbooks,biographiesandmemoirs.Thesetellus talesofplaceswehavenotseenandofgreatmeninwhomweareinterested. Some of thesebooksare aswonderful asnovels,andtheyhaveanadded value thattheyaretrue.Suchbooksgiveusknowledge,andwealsofindimmense pleasureinknowingdetailsoflandswehavenotseenandofgreatmenwehave onlyheardof.Readingisoneofthegreatestenjoymentsoflife.Tobook-lovers, nothingismorefascinatingthanafavoritebook.And,theordinaryeducated manwhoisinterestedandabsorbedinhisdailyoccupationwantsto occasionallyescapefromhisdrudgeryintothewonderlandofbooksfor recreation and refreshment.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Different types of books
Different kinds of reading
Reading as an exercise for the brain
Reading as a pleasurable activity
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin: We get great pleasure from reading. The more advanced a man is, the greater delight he will find in reading.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?
Ordinary people may think that philosophy and science are difficult.
Reading about mathematicsismentally entertaining for a mathematician.
Philosophers and scientists do not read forpleasure.
A more advancedperson takes greater pleasure in reading.
Chọn đáp án C
The ordinary man may think that subjects like philosophy or science are very difficult and that if philosophers and scientists read these subjects, it is not for pleasure. But this is not true.
Tạm dịch: Người bình thường có thể nghĩ rằng các chủ đề như triết học hoặc khoa học là khó khăn và với các triết gia và các nhà khoa học, đọc những sách này không phải là để vui. Nhưng điều này không đúng.
Theword“derived”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto ______.
differed
established
bought
obtained
Chọn đáp án D
obtained: thu được, đạt được ⇒ derived = obtained
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
a new life
our world
an opportunity
a thrill of pleasure
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin: Novels contain pictures of imaginary people in imaginary situations, and give us an opportunity of escaping into a new world very much like our world and yet different from it.
Tạm dịch: Tiểu thuyết là những bức tranh của những người tưởng tượng trong những tình huống tưởng tượng, và cho chúng ta một cơ hội để thoát vào một thế giới mới giống như thế giới của chúng ta và những nơi khác thế giới của chúng ta.
Theword“immense”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto ______.
great
limited
personal
controlled
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: immense: rộng lớn, rất tốt = great: tốt, tuyệt vời
Accordingtothepassage,travelbooks,biographiesandmemoirs ______.
are wonderful novels
tell stories of well-known places
are less popular than novels
are more valuable than novels
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin: First in order of popularity is novel-reading.... Next in order of popularity are travel books, biographies and memoirs.
Tạm dịch: Phổ biến nhất là đọc tiểu thuyết... Phổ biến tiếp theo là sách du lịch, tiểu sử và hồi ký.
Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingisthemost fascinating to booklovers?
A dailyoccupation
An ordinary educatedman
The wonderland
A favorite book
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin: To book-lovers, nothing is more fascinating than a favorite book
Tạm dịch: Với người yêu sách, không có gì hấp dẫn hơn một cuốn sách yêu thích
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Sincewateristhebasisoflife,composingthegreaterpartofthetissuesofall livingthings,thecrucialproblemofdesertanimalsistosurviveinaworld wheresourcesofflowingwaterarerare.Andsinceman’sinexorablenecessity istoabsorblargequantitiesofwateratfrequentintervals,hecanscarcely comprehendthatmanycreaturesofthedesertpasstheirentireliveswithouta single drop.
Uncompromisingasitis,thedeserthasnoteliminatedlifebutonlythose formsunabletowithstanditsdesiccatingeffects.Nomoist-skinned,water-lovinganimalscanexistthere.Fewlargeanimals arefound.Thegiantsofthe NorthAmericandesertarethedeer,thecoyote,andthebobcat.Sincedesert countryisopen,itholdsmoreswift-footedrunningandleapingcreaturesthan thetangledforest.Itspopulationislargelynocturnal,silent,filledwith reticence, andruled by stealth. Yet they are notemaciated.Havingadaptedtotheiraustereenvironment,theyareashealthyasanimals anywhereelseintheword.Thesecretoftheiradjustmentliesinthe combinationofbehaviorandphysiology.Nonecouldsurviveif,likemaddogs andEnglishmen,theywentoutinthemiddaysun;manywoulddieina matter ofminutes.Somostofthempasstheburninghoursasleepincool,humid burrowsunderneaththeground,emergingtohuntonlybynight.Thesurfaceof thesun-bakeddesertaveragesaround150degrees,but18inchesdownthe temperature is only 60 degrees.
Theauthormentionsallthefollowingasexamplesofthebehavior of desert animals EXCEPT
they are watchful and quiet
they dig home underground
theysleep during the day
they are noisyand aggressive
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin:
Its population is largely nocturnal, silent, filled with reticence, and ruled by stealth.
So most of them pass the burning hours asleep in cool, humid burrows underneath the ground
Chỉ có đáp án D không chính xác
We can infer from thepassage that
healthyanimalslivelongerlives
livingthingsadjusttotheir environment
desert life is colorful and diverse
water is the basis ofdesert life
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin: Having adapted to their austere environment, they are as healthy as animals anywhere else in the word. The secret of their adjustment lies in the combination of behavior and physiology.
According to the passage, creatures in the desert
are smaller and fleeter than forest animals
are more active during the day than those in the tangled forest
live in an accommodatingenvironment
are not as healthyas those anywhereelse in the world
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin:
Few large animals are found.
Since desert country is open, it holds more swift-footed running and leaping creatures than the tangled forest.
Thephrase“thoseforms”inthepassagereferstoallofthe following EXCEPT
moist-skinned animals
water-loving animals
many large animals
the coyote andthe bobcat
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin: No moist- skinned, water-loving animals can exist there. Few large animals are found. The giants of the North American desert are the deer, the coyote, and the bobcat.
The word “them” means
animals
minutes
people
water
Chọn đáp án A
Từ “them” chỉ các loài động vật sống ở sa mạc
The word “emaciated” in thepassagemostlymeans
wild
unmanageable
cunning
unhealthy
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: "emaciate": gầy, không khoẻ mạnh
Mancanhardlyunderstandwhymanyanimalslivetheirwhole life in the desert, as
water is an essential part of his existence
very few large animals are found in thedesert
sources of flowing water are rare in a desert
water composes the greater part of the tissues of living things
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin: Since water is the basis of life […]And since man’s inexorable necessity is to absorb large quantities of water at frequent intervals, he can scarcely comprehend that many creatures of the desert pass their entire lives without a single drop.
The title for this passage could be
“Man’s Life in a DesertEnvironment”
“Life Underground”
Animal Life in aDesertEnvironment”
“Life Underground”
Chọn đáp án C
Giải thích: Tiêu đề cho đoạn này có thể là
A. "Cuộc sống của con người trong môi trường sa mạc"
B. “Thực vật ở sa mạc”
C. "Cuộc sống của động vật trong môi trường sa mạc"
D. "Cuộc sống dưới lòng đất"
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Learningmeansacquiringknowledgeordevelopingtheabilitytoperform newbehaviors.It iscommon to think oflearning assomething thattakesplace inschool,butmuchofhumanlearningoccursoutsidetheclassroom,andpeople continue to learn throughout their lives.
Evenbeforetheyenterschool,youngchildrenlearntowalk,totalk,andto usetheirhandstomanipulatetoys,food,andotherobjects.Theyusealloftheir sensestolearnaboutthesights,sounds,tastes,andsmellsintheir environments.Theylearnhowtointeractwiththeirparents,siblings,friends, andotherpeopleimportanttotheirworld.Whentheyenterschool,children learn basic academicsubjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They alsocontinuetolearnagreatdealoutsidetheclassroom.Theylearnwhich behaviorsarelikelytoberewardedandwhicharelikelytobepunished.They learnsocialskillsforinteractingwithotherchildren.Aftertheyfinishschool, peoplemustlearntoadapttothemanymajorchangesthataffecttheirlives, suchasgettingmarried,raisingchildren,andfindingandkeepingajob. Becauselearning continues throughoutour lives andaffectsalmosteverything wedo,thestudyoflearningisimportantinmanydifferentfields.Teachersneedtounderstandthebestwaysto educatechildren.Psychologists,socialworkers, criminologists,andotherhuman-serviceworkersneedtounderstandhow certainexperienceschangepeople’sbehaviors.Employers,politicians,and advertisersmakeuseoftheprinciplesoflearningtoinfluencethebehaviorof workers, voters, and consumers.
Learningis closely relatedto memory, whichisthestorageofinformationin thebrain.Psychologistswhostudymemoryareinterestedinhowthebrain storesknowledge,wherethisstoragetakesplace,andhowthebrainlater retrievesknowledgewhenweneedit.Incontrast,psychologistswhostudy learningaremoreinterestedinbehaviorandhowbehaviorchangesasaresult of a person’s experiences.
Therearemanyformsoflearning,rangingfromsimpletocomplex.Simple formsof learning involve asingle stimulus. Astimulus is anything perceptible tothesenses,suchasasight,sound,smell,touch,ortaste.Inaformoflearning knownasclassicalconditioning,peoplelearntoassociatetwostimulithatoccur insequence,suchaslightningfollowedbythunder.Inoperantconditioning, peoplelearnbyforminganassociationbetweenabehaviorandits consequences(rewardorpunishment).Peopleandanimalscanalsolearnby observation-thatis,bywatchingothersperformbehaviors.Morecomplex formsof learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.
Gettingmarried,raisingchildren,andfindingandkeepingajob are mentioned in paragraph 2 as examples of ______.
the situations in whichpeople cannot teach themselves
the ways people’s lives are influenced by education
the changesto which people have to orient themselves
the areasof learning which affect people’s lives
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin: After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingislearningin broad view comprised of?
Acquisition of social and behavioural skills
Knowledgeacquisition outside the classroom
Acquisition of academic knowledge
Knowledge acquisition and ability development
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin: Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors.
Accordingtothepassage,whatarechildrenNOTusuallytaught outside the classroom?
literacyand calculation
right from wrong
life skills
interpersonal communication
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin: When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics.
The passage mainly discusses ______.
practical examples of learning inside the classroom
simpleforms of learning
applicationof learningprinciples to formal education
general principles of learning
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận .
A. các ví dụ thực tế của việc học bên trong lớp học
B. các hình thức học đơn giản
C. áp dụng nguyên tắc học tập vào giáo dục chính quy
D. các nguyên tắc chung về học tập
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsocialworkers,employers, andpoliticiansconcernthemselveswiththestudyoflearningbecausetheyneed to ______.
make the objects of their interest more aware ofthe importance of learning
understandhowastimulusrelatestothesensesoftheobjectsoftheirinterest
thoroughly understand the behaviours of the objects of their interest
change the behaviours of the objects of their interest towards learning
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin: Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human- service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Accordingtothepassage,thestudyoflearningisimportantin many fieldsdue to ______.
the need for certain experiences in various areas
the exploration ofthe best teachingmethods
the influenceof various behaviours inthelearning process
the great influence of the on-going learning process
Chọn đáp án D
Thông tin: Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields.
Theword“retrieves”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto _______.
recovers
creates
generates
gains
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: "retrieve" = recover: lấy lại, phục hồi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Animalshaveanintuitiveawarenessofquantities.Theyknowwithout analysisthedifferencebetweenanumberofobjectsandasmallernumber.In hisbook“ThenaturalHistoryofSelboure”(1786),thenaturalistGilbert White tellshow he surreptitiouslyremovedone egga day froma plover’s nest ,andhowthe motherlaidanothereggeachdaytomakeupforthe missingone .Henotedthatotherspeciesofbirdsignoretheabsenceofasingleeggbut abandontheirnestsifmorethanoneegghasbeenremoved.Ithasalsobeen notedbynaturaliststhatacertaintypeofwaspalwaysprovidesfive–never four,neversix-caterpillarsforeachoftheireggssothattheiryounghave somethingtoeatwhentheeggshatch.Researchhasalsoshownthatbothmice andpigeonscanbetaughttodistinguishbetweenoddandevennumbersoffood pieces.
Theseandsimilaraccountshaveledsomepeopletoinferthatcreaturesother thanhumanscanactuallycount.Theyalsopointtodogsthathavebeentaught torespondtonumericalquestionswiththecorrectnumberofbarks,ortohorses thatseemtosolvearithmeticproblemsbystompingtheirhoovestheproper number of times.
Animalsrespondtoquantitiesonlywhentheyareconnectedtosurvivalasa species–asinthecaseoftheeggs–orsurvivalasindividuals-asinthecase offood.Thereisnotransfertoothersituationsorfromconcreterealitytothe abstractnotionofnumbers.Animalscan“count”onlywhentheobjectsare presentandonlywhenthenumbersinvolvedaresmall–notmorethanseven oreight.Inlabexperiments,animalstrainedto“count”onekindofobjectwere unable tocountanyothertype. Theobjects, notthenumbers,arewhatinterest them.Animalsadmittedlyremarkableachievementssimplydonotamountto evidenceofcounting, nordotheyrevealmorethaninnateinstincts, refinedby thegenesofsuccessivegenerations,ortheresultsofclever,careful conditioning bytrainers.
What is the main idea of this passage?
Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannotactually count.
Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.
Carefultrainingisrequiredtoteachanimalstoperformtricksinvolving numbers
Animals cannot “count” more than onekind of object.
Chọn đáp án A
Ý chính của bài đọc này là Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count: Mặc dù động vật có thể có nhận thức về số lượng, thực chất chúng không biết đếm .
Why does the author refer to Gilbert White’s book in line 2?
To indicate that more research isneeded in this field.
To show how attitudes have changed since1786.
To provide evidencethat some birds are aware of quantities.
To contradict the idea that animals cancount.
Chọn đáp án C
Mục đích của tác giả là đưa ra một số dẫn chứng chứng minh rằng, các loài chim có sự nhận thức về số lượng: the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed
The word “surreptitiously” is closest inmeaning to
quickly
occasionally
stubbornly
secretly
Chọn đáp án D
“surreptitiously”= secretly: lén lút, vụng trộm, một cách bí mật Quickly: nhanh chóng
Occasionally: thỉnh thoảng
Stubbornly: một cách cứng đầu
The word “odd” refers to which of the following?
numbers such as 1, 3, 5 and so on
numbers such as 2, 4, 6 and so on
lucky numbers
unusual numbers
Chọn đáp án A
“odd” ở đây được hiểu với nghĩa „số lẻ‟ (ví dụ như 1,3,5,7, vv) Lucky numbers: con số may mắn
Unusual numbers: con số bất thường
Theauthormentionsthatallofthefollowingareawareof quantities in some ways EXCEPT
wasps
Plovers
caterpillars
mice
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở đoạn đầu tiên:
It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six.
caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch - Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces
the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one
The word “accounts” is closest inmeaning to
reasons
reports
deceptions
invoices
Chọn đáp án B
“accounts” = reports: báo cáo, tường trình, thuật lại, kể lại Reasons: lý do
Deceptions: sự dối trá. Lừa gạt Invoices: hoá đơn
Howwouldtheauthorprobablycharacterizethepeoplewhoare mentioned in the first line of the second paragraph
Asfoolish
As demanding
As clever
As mistaken
Chọn đáp án D
“Những người” ở câu đầu tiên đoạn 2 có thể được miêu tả là “as mistaken” (nhầm lẫn, nhầm tưởng). Bởi những minh chứng ở đoạn 1 có thể khiến nhiều người nhầm tưởng rằng động vật có khả năng đếm.
