(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 21
29 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Someanimalbehavioristsarguethatcertainanimalscanrememberpast events,anticipatefutureones,makeplansandchoices,andcoordinateactivities withinagroup.Thesescientists,however,arecautiousabouttheextentto whichanimalscanbecreditedwithconsciousprocessing.Explanationsof animalbehaviorthatleaveoutanysortofconsciousnessatallandascribe actionsentirelytoinstinctleavemanyquestionsunanswered.Oneexampleof suchunexplainedbehavior:Honeybeescommunicatethesourcesofnectarto oneanotherbydoingadanceinafigure-eightpattern.Theorientationofthe danceconveysthe positionofthefoodrelativetothesun'spositioninthe sky, andthe speed ofthe dance tellshow far the foodsource is from the hive. Most researchersassumethattheabilitytoperformandencodethedanceisinnate andshowsnospecialintelligence.Butinonestudy,whenexperimenterskept changingthesiteofthefoodsource,eachtimemovingthefood25percentfartherfromtheprevioussite,foraginghoneybeesbegantoanticipatewhere thefoodsourcewouldappearnext.Whentheresearchersarrivedatthenew location,theywouldfindthebeescirclingthespot,waitingfortheirfood.No onehasyetexplainedhowbees,whosebrainsweighfourten-thousandthsof anounce,couldhaveinferredthelocationofthenewsite.Otherbehaviorsthat mayindicatesomecognitionincludetooluse.Manyanimals,liketheotterwho usesastonetocrackmusselshells,arecapableofusingobjectsinthenatural environmentasrudimentarytools.Oneresearcherhasfoundthatmother chimpanzeesoccasionallyshowtheiryounghowtousetoolstoopenhardnuts. Inonestudy,chimpanzeescomparedtwopairsoffoodwellscontaining chocolatechips.Onepairmightcontain,say,fivechipsandthreechips,the otherourchipsandthreechips.Allowedtochoosewhichpairtheywanted,the chimpanzees almostalways chose the one with the higher total, showing some sortofsummingability.Otherchimpanzeeshavelearnedtousenumeralsto label quantities of itemsand do simple sums.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior.
The use of food in studies of animal behavior.
The role of instinct in animal behavior.
Differencesbetweenthebehaviorofanimalsintheirnaturalenvironments and in laboratory experiments.
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: Đoạn văn chủ yếu đề cập đến những quan sát mà từ đó cho thấy ý thức trong hành vi cảu động vật. Thông tin nằm ở:
“Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,”
“Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all”
“Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.”
WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasanabilityanimalsare thought to have?
Communicating emotions
Selecting among choice
Remembering past experiences
Anticipating events to come
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin nằm ở: “Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group.”
Whatdidresearchersdiscoverinthestudyofhoneybeesdiscussed in paragraph 2?
Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientiststhought.
Thebeeswereabletodetermineinadvancewherescientistswouldplace their food.
Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance activity.
The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site”
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbrainsizeisassumedto ___________.
be an indicator of cognitive ability
be related to food consumption
correspondtolevelsofactivity
varyamongindividualswithinaspecies
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.”
Whyareottersandmusselshellsincludedinthediscussionin paragraph 3?
Toprovidethatcertainspeciesdemonstrategreaterabilityintoolusethan other species.
To provide an example of tool use among animals.
To show that animalsare very good at usingobjects in their habitat.
To provide anexample of the use of weapons among animals.
Chọn đáp án B
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use.”
The word “rudimentary” is closest in meaning to ___________.
technical
basic
superior
original
Chọn đáp án B
Giải thích: rudimentary (adj) cơ bản = basic (adj) cơ bản, nền tảng
Scientistsconcludedfromtheexperimentwithchimpanzeesand chocolate chips that chimpanzees __________.
prefer to work in pairs or groups
have difficulty selecting whengiven choices
lack abilities that other primates have
exhibit behavior that indicates certainmathematical abilities
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Intheverydistantgeologicalpast,allanimalswereaquatic.Theveryfirst vertebratesoranimalswithbackbones,ofwhichwehaveanyfossilrecord,livedinwater.Thesevertebrates,thefish,wereadaptedtounderwaterliving. Theirstreamlinedbodieswerecoveredwithscalestoreducesurfacefriction: theyhadmusculartailssothattheycouldswimswiftlyinsuchadensemedium aswater;andtheywereendowedwithgillsforbreathingunderwater. Descendantsoffish-typeancestorscrossedtheseashorebarrierand accommodatedthemselvestolifeonland.Asamphibians,theypossessedlimbs insteadoffinsandlungsinsteadofgills.Buttheyneverbecamecompletely freeofthebondsthattiedthemtothewater;eventodaymanyamphibians returntothewatertolaytheireggs.Millionsofyearsafterthefirstclumsy amphibianscrawledovertheland,newertypesoflanddwellersappeared,these animalsgiverisetothepresent-dayreptilesandmammals.Theywere completelyconvertedforlanddwelling,withbodiesandbiologicalactivities far different from those of fish. Withthese special adaptations, mammals have beenabletocolonizethewoodsandmeadows,thedesertsandhighmountains, often far removed from the sea.
Of the animals with backbones, the first toappearwere ______
fish
amphibians
birds
mammals
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: “The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living.”
Fish are suited to underwater life because of their ______
Gills
All of the answers
Streamlinesshapes
Scales
Chọn đáp án B
Giải thích: “Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.”
Thepassagesuggeststhatthefirstamphibiansusedtheirlimbs to……..
jump
run
swim
crawl
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: “Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, ”
The word “descendants” is closest in meaning to _____.
Grandchildren
Ancestors
Descenders
Off spring
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: descendants (n) thế hệ sau, con cháu
Anexampleofanamphibian’sincompleteadaptationtolandlife is…….
need to keep its skin wet
return to water tolay eggs
inability to breathe air.
Scales-covered skin
Chọn đáp án B
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.”
Animals found desert living possible only _____
when they were fullyadapted to land
after they could walk on two feet
when they became amphibious
if theymigrated to sea periodically
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts ”
Theseashorewasabarrierfordescendantsoffish-type because………
crossing it required bodily changes.
every attempt to cross it ended in death.
the landonce rose much higher above the sea.
once they crossed, there wasno return.
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater. Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.”
Theadaptationprocessdescribedinthearticlewascompleted……
By the receding of the sea
Through biological changes
Over millions of years and Through biological changes
Overmillions of years
Chọn đáp án C
Giải thích: Quá trình thích ứng hình thành qua thời gian dài và thông qua những biến đổi sinh học của cơ thể để thích ứng. Thông tin nằm ở: “Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals.”
“These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: ”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Telecommutingissomeformofcomputercommunicationbetween employees’homesandoffices.Foremployeeswhosejobinvolvesittingata terminalorwordprocessorenteringdataortypingreports,thelocationofthe computerisofnoconsequence.Ifthemachinecancommunicateover telephonelines,whentheworkiscompleted,employeescandialtheoffice computerandtransmitthematerialtotheiremployers.ArecentsurveyinUSA Todayestimatesthatthereareapproximately8,7milliontelecommuters.But althoughthenumbersarerisingannually,thetrenddoesnotappeartobeas significantaspredictedwhenBusinessWeekpublished“ThePortable Executive”asitscoverstoryafewyearsago.Whyhasn’ttelecommuting become more popular?Clearly,changesimplytakestime.Butinaddition,therehasbeenactive resistanceonthepartofmanymanagers.Theseexecutivesclaimthat supervisingthetelecommutersinalargeworkforcescatteredacrossthe countrywouldbetoodifficult,or,atleast,systemsformanagingthemarenot yet developed, thereby complicatingthe manager’sresponsibilities.
Itisalsotruethatemployeeswhoaregiventheoptionoftelecommutingare reluctanttoaccepttheopportunity.Mostpeoplefeelthattheyneedregular interactionwithagroup,andmanyareconcernedthattheywillnothavethe sameconsiderationforadvancementiftheyarenotmorevisibleintheoffice setting.Somepeoplefeelthatevenwhenaspaceintheirhomesissetasideas a work area, they never really get away from the office.
Withwhichofthefollowingtopicsisthepassageprimarily concerned?
Anoverview of telecommuting
The failure of telecommuting
The advantages of telecommuting
A definition of telecommuting
Chọn đáp án A
Đoạn văn nêu lên định nghĩa về làm việc từ xa, thuận lợi, bất lợi của làm việc từ xa ⇒ Chủ đề của đoạn văn là Tổng quan về làm việc từ xa.
How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
More than predicted inBusiness Week
More than 8 million
Fewer than last year
Fewer than estimated in USA Today
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở câu: “A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters.” (Một cuộc khảo sát gần đây ở USA Today ước tính có khoảng 8,7 triệu người làm việc từ xa.)
The phrase “of noconsequence” means ________.
of no use
irrelevant
of no good
unimportant
Chọn đáp án D
of no consequence : không quan trọng = unimportant
Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconcernsof telecommuting EXCEPT ________.
the opportunities for advancement
the lack of interaction with a group
the different system of supervision
the work place is in the home
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở đoạn : “Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group...” (Hầu hết mọi người cảm thấy rằng họ cần sự tương tác thường xuyên với một nhóm...) ⇒ Chọn đáp án C “...many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting.” (...nhiều người lo ngại rằng họ sẽ không có sự cân nhắc tương tự cho việc thăng chức nếu họ không xuất hiện nhiều hơn trong bối cảnh văn phòng.) ⇒ Chọn đáp án A. những cơ hội để thăng chức được nhắc đến
“Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.” (Một số người cảm thấy rằng ngay cả khi một không gian trong nhà của họ được dành riêng như là một khu vực làm việc, họ vẫn không bao giờ thực sự rời khỏi văn phòng.)
⇒ Chọn đáp án D. nơi làm việc là ở nhà được nhắc đến.
⇒ Chỉ có đáp án B không được nhắc đến như một mối quan tâm của làm việc từ xa.
The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ________.
telecommuters
systems
executives
responsibilities
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin ở câu: “These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities.” (Các giám đốc điều hành cho rằng giám sát những người làm việc từ xa trong một lực lượng lao động lớn rải rác khắp đất nước sẽ là quá khó khăn, hoặc, ít nhất, các hệ thống để quản lý họ chưa được phát triển, do đó khiến trách nhiệm của người quản lý trở nên phức tạp.)
Thereasonwhytelecommutinghasnotbecomepopularisthatthe employees ________.
need regular interaction with their families.
are worried about the promotion if they arenot seenat the office.
feel thata work areain theirhome is away from the office.
are ignorant of telecommuting.
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở câu: “...many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting.”
(...nhiều người lo ngại rằng họ sẽ không có sự cân nhắc tương tự cho việc thăng chức nếu họ không xuất hiện nhiều hơn trong bối cảnh văn phòng.)
Theword“reluctant”inline13canbestbereplacedby________.
opposite
willing
hesitant
typical
Chọn đáp án C
reluctant (adj): lưỡng lự ≈ hesitant (adj): do dự
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Inmyexperience,freshmentodayaredifferentfromthoseIknewwhenI startedasacounselorandprofessor25yearsago.Collegehasalwaysbeen demandingbothacademicallyandsocially.Butstudentsnowarelessmature and often not ready for the responsibility of beingin college.
Itisreallytooeasytopointthefingeratparentswhoprotecttheirchildren fromlife’sobstacle.Parents,whohandleeverydifficultyandeveryother responsibilityfortheirchildrenwritingadmissionessaystopickingcollege courses,certainlymaycontributetotheirchildren’slackofcopingstrategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trendsof today.
How many peopledoyouknowwho areonmedicationtopreventanxiety or depression?Thenumberofstudentswhoarriveatcollegealreadymedicated forunwantedemotionshasincreaseddramaticallyinthepast10years.We,as asociety,don’twantto“feel”anythingunpleasantandwecertainlydon’twant our childrento “suffer”.
Theresultingproblemisthatbynotexperiencingnegativeemotions,onedoes notlearnthenecessaryskillstotolerateandnegotiateadversity.Asa psychologist,Iamwellawareofthefactthatsomeindividualssufferfrom depressionandanxietyandcanbenefitfromtreatment,butIquestionthe growing number of medicated adolescents today.
Ourworldismorestressfulingeneralbecauseofthecurrenteconomicand politicalrealities,butIdon’tbelievethatthecollegeexperienceitselfismore intensetodaythanthatofthepast10years.WhatIdothinkisthatmany
studentsareoftennotpreparedtobeyoung“adults”withalltheresponsibilities of life.
Whatdoesthismeanforcollegefacultyandstaff?Wearerequiredtoassist inthebasicparentingofthesestudents–thestudentwhocomplainsthatthe professordidn’tremindheroftheduedateforanassignmentthatwasclearly listedonthesyllabusandthestudentwhocheatsonanassignmentinspiteof careful instructionsabout plagiarism.
Ascollegeprofessors,wehavetoexplainwhatitmeanstobeanindependent collegestudentbeforewecanevenbegintoteach.Asparentsandteachers we shouldexpectyoungpeopletomeetchallenges.Toencouragetheminthis direction,wehavetostepbackandletthemfailandpickthemselvesupand moveforward.Thisapproachneedstobeginatanearlyagesothatcollegecan actually be a passage toindependent adulthood.
Accordingtothewriter,studentstodayaredifferentfromthose she knewin thatthey are____________.
too ready forcollege
not as mature
not so academic
responsible for their work
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở câu: "But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college." (Nhưng bây giờ sinh viên ít chín chắn hơn và thường không sẵn sàng để có trách nhiệm cho việc học đại học.)
Theword“handle”inparapgraph2mostlymeans____________.
deal with
gain benefits from
lend a hand to
point at
Chọn đáp án A
(to) handle: xử lí ≈ (to) deal with
Accordingtothewriter,students’difficultiestocopewithcollege life arepartlydue to ____________.
the absence of parents’ protection
the lack ofparental support
the over-parenting fromparents
the lack of financial support
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở câu: “It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life’s obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children’s lack of coping strategies.” (Quá dễ để chỉ trích các bậc cha mẹ, những người bao bọc con mình khỏi tất cả trở ngại của cuộc sống. Các bậc cha mẹ, những người xử lý mọi khó khăn và mọi trách nhiệm khác cho con của họ từ viết bài tiểu luận để nộp đến chọn các khóa học đại học, chắc chắn có thể đã góp phần làm cho trẻ thiếu các chiến lược đối phó với khó khăn.)
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
Collegefacultyandstaffarerequiredtohelpintheparentingofproblematic students.
Thecollegeexperienceitselfismoreintensetodaythanthatofthepast10 years.
Ourworldismorestressfulbecauseofthecurrenteconomicandpolitical situation.
Oursocietycertainlydoesn’twantourchildrentoexperienceunpleasant things.
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở câu: “...but I don’t believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years.” (... nhưng tôi không tin rằng ngày nay trải nghiệm ở trường đại học căng thẳng hơn 10 năm trước.) ⇒ Chọn đáp án B sai.
Studentswhoarenotwell–preparedtobeyoung“adults”withall the responsibilities of life willneed ______.
to be assigned more housework fromadults
to be given more social responsibilities
to be encouraged to meet challenges
dailycoaching fromtheir teachers
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở câu: “As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges.” (Là cha mẹ và giáo viên, chúng ta nên mong đợi những người trẻ tuổi gặp phải những thách thức.)
Accordingtothewriter,failureinlifeandlesssupportfrom parents will ______.
help students to learn to stand on their own feet
allow students tolearn the first lesson in their lives
defeat students fromthe verybeginning
discourage students and let them down forever
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin ở câu: “This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood.” (Cách tiếp cận này cần phải bắt đầu từ khi còn rất nhỏ để môi trường đại học có thể thực sự là một sự chuyển tiếp sang tuổi trưởng thành độc lập.)
What is probably thewriter’s attitude in the passage?
Praising
Indifferent
Humorous
Critial
Chọn đáp án D
Trong bài viết này, tác giả chỉ trích các bậc cha mẹ quá bảo bọc con mình, khiến chúng thiếu tinh thần độc lập và không thể tự giải quyết được những trở ngại trong cuộc sống.
