(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 21
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(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 21

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing. Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percentfarther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.

1.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior.

The use of food in studies of animal behavior.

The role of instinct in animal behavior.

Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory experiments.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Giải thích: Đoạn văn chủ yếu đề cập đến những quan sát mà từ đó cho thấy ý thức trong hành vi cảu động vật. Thông tin nằm ở:

“Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,”

“Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all”

“Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.”

2.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?

Communicating emotions

Selecting among choice

Remembering past experiences

Anticipating events to come

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Thông tin nằm ở: “Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group.”

3.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

What did researchers discover in the study of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?

Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists thought.

The bees were able to determine in advance where scientists would place their food.

Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance activity.

The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site”

4.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to ___________.

be an indicator of cognitive ability

be related to food consumption

correspond to levels of activity

vary among individuals within a species

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.”

5.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Why are otters and mussel shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3?

To provide that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species.

To provide an example of tool use among animals.

To show that animals are very good at using objects in their habitat.

To provide an example of the use of weapons among animals.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use.”

6.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The word “rudimentary” is closest in meaning to ___________.

technical

basic

superior

original

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Giải thích: rudimentary (adj) cơ bản = basic (adj) cơ bản, nền tảng

7.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that chimpanzees __________.

prefer to work in pairs or groups

have difficulty selecting when given choices

lack abilities that other primates have

exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilities

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.”

Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the very distant geological past, all animals were aquatic. The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record,lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater. Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves tolife on land. As amphibians, they possessed limbs instead of fins and lungs instead of gills. But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs. Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals. They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts and high mountains, often far removed from the sea.

8.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Of the animals with backbones, the first to appear were ______

fish

amphibians

birds

mammals

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Giải thích: “The very first vertebrates or animals with backbones, of which we have any fossil record, lived in water. These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living.”

9.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Fish are suited to underwater life because of their ______

Gills

All of the answers

Streamlines shapes

Scales

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Giải thích: “Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater.”

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10.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The passage suggests that the first amphibians used their limbs to……..

jump

run

swim

crawl

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Giải thích: “Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land,        ”

11.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The word “descendants” is closest in meaning to _____.

Grandchildren

Ancestors

Descenders

Off spring

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Giải thích: descendants (n) thế hệ sau, con cháu

12.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

An example of an amphibian’s incomplete adaptation to land life is…….

need to keep its skin wet

return to water to lay eggs

inability to breathe air.

Scales-covered skin

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “But they never became completely free of the bonds that tied them to the water; even today many amphibians return to the water to lay their eggs.”

13.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Animals found desert living possible only _____

when they were fully adapted to land

after they could walk on two feet

when they became amphibious

if they migrated to sea periodically

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “They were completely converted for land dwelling, with bodies and biological activities far different from those of fish. With these special adaptations, mammals have been able to colonize the woods and meadows, the deserts  ”

14.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The seashore was a barrier for descendants of fish-type because………

crossing it required bodily changes.

every attempt to cross it ended in death.

the land once rose much higher above the sea.

once they crossed, there was no return.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở: “These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction: they had muscular tails so that they could swim swiftly in such a dense medium as water; and they were endowed with gills for breathing underwater. Descendants of fish-type ancestors crossed the seashore barrier and accommodated themselves to life on land.”

15.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The adaptation process described inthe articlewas completed……

By the receding of the sea

Through biological changes

Over millions of years and Through biological changes

Over millions of years

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Giải thích: Quá trình thích ứng hình thành qua thời gian dài và thông qua những biến đổi sinh học của cơ thể để thích ứng. Thông tin nằm ở: “Millions of years after the first clumsy amphibians crawled over the land, newer types of land dwellers appeared, these animals give rise to the present-day reptiles and mammals.”

“These vertebrates, the fish, were adapted to underwater living. Their streamlined bodies were covered with scales to reduce surface friction:  ”

Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’ homes and offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published “The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn’t telecommuting become more popular?Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities.

It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.

16.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

An overview of telecommuting

The failure of telecommuting

The advantages of telecommuting

A definition of telecommuting

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Đoạn văn nêu lên định nghĩa về làm việc từ xa, thuận lợi, bất lợi của làm việc từ xa ⇒ Chủ đề của đoạn văn là Tổng quan về làm việc từ xa.

17.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?

More than predicted in Business Week

More than 8 million

Fewer than last year

Fewer than estimated in USA Today

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Thông tin ở câu: “A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters.” (Một cuộc khảo sát gần đây ở USA Today ước tính có khoảng 8,7 triệu người làm việc từ xa.)

18.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The phrase “of no consequence” means ________.

of no use

irrelevant

of no good

unimportant

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

of no consequence : không quan trọng = unimportant

19.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ________.

the opportunities for advancement

the lack of interaction with a group

the different system of supervision

the work place is in the home

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Thông tin ở đoạn : “Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group...” (Hầu hết mọi người cảm thấy rằng họ cần sự tương tác thường xuyên với một nhóm...) ⇒ Chọn đáp án C “...many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting.” (...nhiều người lo ngại rằng họ sẽ không có sự cân nhắc tương tự cho việc thăng chức nếu họ không xuất hiện nhiều hơn trong bối cảnh văn phòng.) ⇒ Chọn đáp án A. những cơ hội để thăng chức được nhắc đến

“Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office.” (Một số người cảm thấy rằng ngay cả khi một không gian trong nhà của họ được dành riêng như là một khu vực làm việc, họ vẫn không bao giờ thực sự rời khỏi văn phòng.)

⇒ Chọn đáp án D. nơi làm việc là ở nhà được nhắc đến.

⇒ Chỉ có đáp án B không được nhắc đến như một mối quan tâm của làm việc từ xa.

20.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ________.

telecommuters

systems

executives

responsibilities

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Thông tin ở câu: “These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities.” (Các giám đốc điều hành cho rằng giám sát những người làm việc từ xa trong một lực lượng lao động lớn rải rác khắp đất nước sẽ là quá khó khăn, hoặc, ít nhất, các hệ thống để quản lý họ chưa được phát triển, do đó khiến trách nhiệm của người quản lý trở nên phức tạp.)

21.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees ________.

need regular interaction with their families.

are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office.

feel that a work area in their home is away from the office.

are ignorant of telecommuting.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Thông tin ở câu: “...many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting.”

(...nhiều người lo ngại rằng họ sẽ không có sự cân nhắc tương tự cho việc thăng chức nếu họ không xuất hiện nhiều hơn trong bối cảnh văn phòng.)

22.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The word “reluctant” in line 13 can best be replaced by ________.

opposite

willing

hesitant

typical

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

reluctant (adj): lưỡng lự ≈ hesitant (adj): do dự

Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In my experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a counselor and professor 25 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college.

It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life’s obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children’s lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today.

How many people do you know who are on medication to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, don’t want to “feel” anything unpleasant and we certainly don’t want our children to “suffer”.

The resulting problemis that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and negotiate adversity. As a psychologist, I am well aware of the fact that some individuals suffer from depression and anxiety and can benefit from treatment, but I question the growing number of medicated adolescents today.

Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I don’t believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. What I do think is that many

students are often not prepared to be young “adults” with all the responsibilities of life.

What does this mean for college faculty and staff? We are required to assist in the basic parenting of these students – the student who complains that the professor didn’t remind her of the due date for an assignment that was clearly listed on the syllabus and the student who cheats on an assignment in spite of careful instructions about plagiarism.

As college professors, we have to explain what it means to be an independent college student before we can even begin to teach. As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood.

23.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

According to the writer, students today are different from those she knew in that they are ____________.

too ready for college

not as mature

not so academic

responsible for their work

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Thông tin ở câu: "But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college." (Nhưng bây giờ sinh viên ít chín chắn hơn và thường không sẵn sàng để có trách nhiệm cho việc học đại học.)

24.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

The word “handle” in parapgraph 2 mostly means ____________.

deal with

gain benefits from

lend a hand to

point at

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

(to) handle: xử lí ≈ (to) deal with

25.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

According to the writer, students’ difficulties to cope with college life are partly due to ____________.

the absence of parents’ protection

the lack of parental support

the over-parenting from parents

the lack of financial support

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Thông tin ở câu: “It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life’s obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children’s lack of coping strategies.” (Quá dễ để chỉ trích các bậc cha mẹ, những người bao bọc con mình khỏi tất cả trở ngại của cuộc sống. Các bậc cha mẹ, những người xử lý mọi khó khăn và mọi trách nhiệm khác cho con của họ từ viết bài tiểu luận để nộp đến chọn các khóa học đại học, chắc chắn có thể đã góp phần làm cho trẻ thiếu các chiến lược đối phó với khó khăn.)

26.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

College faculty and staff are required to help in the parenting of problematic students.

The college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years.

Our world is more stressful because of the current economic and political situation.

Our society certainly doesn’t want our children to experience unpleasant things.

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Thông tin ở câu: “...but I don’t believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years.” (... nhưng tôi không tin rằng ngày nay trải nghiệm ở trường đại học căng thẳng hơn 10 năm trước.) ⇒ Chọn đáp án B sai.

27.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

Students who are not well – prepared to be young “adults” with all the responsibilities of life will need ______.

to be assigned more housework from adults

to be given more social responsibilities

to be encouraged to meet challenges

daily coaching from their teachers

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án C

Thông tin ở câu: “As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges.” (Là cha mẹ và giáo viên, chúng ta nên mong đợi những người trẻ tuổi gặp phải những thách thức.)

28.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ______.

help students to learn to stand on their own feet

allow students to learn the first lesson in their lives

defeat students from the very beginning

discourage students and let them down forever

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án A

Thông tin ở câu: “This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood.” (Cách tiếp cận này cần phải bắt đầu từ khi còn rất nhỏ để môi trường đại học có thể thực sự là một sự chuyển tiếp sang tuổi trưởng thành độc lập.)

29.Trắc nghiệm
• 1 điểm

What is probably the writer’s attitude in the passage?

Praising

Indifferent

Humorous

Critial

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án D

Trong bài viết này, tác giả chỉ trích các bậc cha mẹ quá bảo bọc con mình, khiến chúng thiếu tinh thần độc lập và không thể tự giải quyết được những trở ngại trong cuộc sống.

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