(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 21
29 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Someanimalbehavioristsarguethatcertainanimalscanrememberpast events,anticipatefutureones,makeplansandchoices,andcoordinateactivities withinagroup.Thesescientists,however,arecautiousabouttheextentto whichanimalscanbecreditedwithconsciousprocessing.Explanationsof animalbehaviorthatleaveoutanysortofconsciousnessatallandascribe actionsentirelytoinstinctleavemanyquestionsunanswered.Oneexampleof suchunexplainedbehavior:Honeybeescommunicatethesourcesofnectarto oneanotherbydoingadanceinafigure-eightpattern.Theorientationofthe danceconveysthe positionofthefoodrelativetothesun'spositioninthe sky, andthe speed ofthe dance tellshow far the foodsource is from the hive. Most researchersassumethattheabilitytoperformandencodethedanceisinnate andshowsnospecialintelligence.Butinonestudy,whenexperimenterskept changingthesiteofthefoodsource,eachtimemovingthefood25percentfartherfromtheprevioussite,foraginghoneybeesbegantoanticipatewhere thefoodsourcewouldappearnext.Whentheresearchersarrivedatthenew location,theywouldfindthebeescirclingthespot,waitingfortheirfood.No onehasyetexplainedhowbees,whosebrainsweighfourten-thousandthsof anounce,couldhaveinferredthelocationofthenewsite.Otherbehaviorsthat mayindicatesomecognitionincludetooluse.Manyanimals,liketheotterwho usesastonetocrackmusselshells,arecapableofusingobjectsinthenatural environmentasrudimentarytools.Oneresearcherhasfoundthatmother chimpanzeesoccasionallyshowtheiryounghowtousetoolstoopenhardnuts. Inonestudy,chimpanzeescomparedtwopairsoffoodwellscontaining chocolatechips.Onepairmightcontain,say,fivechipsandthreechips,the otherourchipsandthreechips.Allowedtochoosewhichpairtheywanted,the chimpanzees almostalways chose the one with the higher total, showing some sortofsummingability.Otherchimpanzeeshavelearnedtousenumeralsto label quantities of itemsand do simple sums.
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior.
The use of food in studies of animal behavior.
The role of instinct in animal behavior.
Differencesbetweenthebehaviorofanimalsintheirnaturalenvironments and in laboratory experiments.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasanabilityanimalsare thought to have?
Communicating emotions
Selecting among choice
Remembering past experiences
Anticipating events to come
Whatdidresearchersdiscoverinthestudyofhoneybeesdiscussed in paragraph 2?
Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientiststhought.
Thebeeswereabletodetermineinadvancewherescientistswouldplace their food.
Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance activity.
The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbrainsizeisassumedto ___________.
be an indicator of cognitive ability
be related to food consumption
correspondtolevelsofactivity
varyamongindividualswithinaspecies
Whyareottersandmusselshellsincludedinthediscussionin paragraph 3?
Toprovidethatcertainspeciesdemonstrategreaterabilityintoolusethan other species.
To provide an example of tool use among animals.
To show that animalsare very good at usingobjects in their habitat.
To provide anexample of the use of weapons among animals.
The word “rudimentary” is closest in meaning to ___________.
technical
basic
superior
original
Scientistsconcludedfromtheexperimentwithchimpanzeesand chocolate chips that chimpanzees __________.
prefer to work in pairs or groups
have difficulty selecting whengiven choices
lack abilities that other primates have
exhibit behavior that indicates certainmathematical abilities
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Intheverydistantgeologicalpast,allanimalswereaquatic.Theveryfirst vertebratesoranimalswithbackbones,ofwhichwehaveanyfossilrecord,livedinwater.Thesevertebrates,thefish,wereadaptedtounderwaterliving. Theirstreamlinedbodieswerecoveredwithscalestoreducesurfacefriction: theyhadmusculartailssothattheycouldswimswiftlyinsuchadensemedium aswater;andtheywereendowedwithgillsforbreathingunderwater. Descendantsoffish-typeancestorscrossedtheseashorebarrierand accommodatedthemselvestolifeonland.Asamphibians,theypossessedlimbs insteadoffinsandlungsinsteadofgills.Buttheyneverbecamecompletely freeofthebondsthattiedthemtothewater;eventodaymanyamphibians returntothewatertolaytheireggs.Millionsofyearsafterthefirstclumsy amphibianscrawledovertheland,newertypesoflanddwellersappeared,these animalsgiverisetothepresent-dayreptilesandmammals.Theywere completelyconvertedforlanddwelling,withbodiesandbiologicalactivities far different from those of fish. Withthese special adaptations, mammals have beenabletocolonizethewoodsandmeadows,thedesertsandhighmountains, often far removed from the sea.
Of the animals with backbones, the first toappearwere ______
fish
amphibians
birds
mammals
Fish are suited to underwater life because of their ______
Gills
All of the answers
Streamlinesshapes
Scales
Thepassagesuggeststhatthefirstamphibiansusedtheirlimbs to……..
jump
run
swim
crawl
The word “descendants” is closest in meaning to _____.
Grandchildren
Ancestors
Descenders
Off spring
Anexampleofanamphibian’sincompleteadaptationtolandlife is…….
need to keep its skin wet
return to water tolay eggs
inability to breathe air.
Scales-covered skin
Animals found desert living possible only _____
when they were fullyadapted to land
after they could walk on two feet
when they became amphibious
if theymigrated to sea periodically
Theseashorewasabarrierfordescendantsoffish-type because………
crossing it required bodily changes.
every attempt to cross it ended in death.
the landonce rose much higher above the sea.
once they crossed, there wasno return.
Theadaptationprocessdescribedinthearticlewascompleted……
By the receding of the sea
Through biological changes
Over millions of years and Through biological changes
Overmillions of years
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Telecommutingissomeformofcomputercommunicationbetween employees’homesandoffices.Foremployeeswhosejobinvolvesittingata terminalorwordprocessorenteringdataortypingreports,thelocationofthe computerisofnoconsequence.Ifthemachinecancommunicateover telephonelines,whentheworkiscompleted,employeescandialtheoffice computerandtransmitthematerialtotheiremployers.ArecentsurveyinUSA Todayestimatesthatthereareapproximately8,7milliontelecommuters.But althoughthenumbersarerisingannually,thetrenddoesnotappeartobeas significantaspredictedwhenBusinessWeekpublished“ThePortable Executive”asitscoverstoryafewyearsago.Whyhasn’ttelecommuting become more popular?Clearly,changesimplytakestime.Butinaddition,therehasbeenactive resistanceonthepartofmanymanagers.Theseexecutivesclaimthat supervisingthetelecommutersinalargeworkforcescatteredacrossthe countrywouldbetoodifficult,or,atleast,systemsformanagingthemarenot yet developed, thereby complicatingthe manager’sresponsibilities.
Itisalsotruethatemployeeswhoaregiventheoptionoftelecommutingare reluctanttoaccepttheopportunity.Mostpeoplefeelthattheyneedregular interactionwithagroup,andmanyareconcernedthattheywillnothavethe sameconsiderationforadvancementiftheyarenotmorevisibleintheoffice setting.Somepeoplefeelthatevenwhenaspaceintheirhomesissetasideas a work area, they never really get away from the office.
Withwhichofthefollowingtopicsisthepassageprimarily concerned?
Anoverview of telecommuting
The failure of telecommuting
The advantages of telecommuting
A definition of telecommuting
How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?
More than predicted inBusiness Week
More than 8 million
Fewer than last year
Fewer than estimated in USA Today
The phrase “of noconsequence” means ________.
of no use
irrelevant
of no good
unimportant
Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasconcernsof telecommuting EXCEPT ________.
the opportunities for advancement
the lack of interaction with a group
the different system of supervision
the work place is in the home
The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ________.
telecommuters
systems
executives
responsibilities
Thereasonwhytelecommutinghasnotbecomepopularisthatthe employees ________.
need regular interaction with their families.
are worried about the promotion if they arenot seenat the office.
feel thata work areain theirhome is away from the office.
are ignorant of telecommuting.
Theword“reluctant”inline13canbestbereplacedby________.
opposite
willing
hesitant
typical
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Inmyexperience,freshmentodayaredifferentfromthoseIknewwhenI startedasacounselorandprofessor25yearsago.Collegehasalwaysbeen demandingbothacademicallyandsocially.Butstudentsnowarelessmature and often not ready for the responsibility of beingin college.
Itisreallytooeasytopointthefingeratparentswhoprotecttheirchildren fromlife’sobstacle.Parents,whohandleeverydifficultyandeveryother responsibilityfortheirchildrenwritingadmissionessaystopickingcollege courses,certainlymaycontributetotheirchildren’slackofcopingstrategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trendsof today.
How many peopledoyouknowwho areonmedicationtopreventanxiety or depression?Thenumberofstudentswhoarriveatcollegealreadymedicated forunwantedemotionshasincreaseddramaticallyinthepast10years.We,as asociety,don’twantto“feel”anythingunpleasantandwecertainlydon’twant our childrento “suffer”.
Theresultingproblemisthatbynotexperiencingnegativeemotions,onedoes notlearnthenecessaryskillstotolerateandnegotiateadversity.Asa psychologist,Iamwellawareofthefactthatsomeindividualssufferfrom depressionandanxietyandcanbenefitfromtreatment,butIquestionthe growing number of medicated adolescents today.
Ourworldismorestressfulingeneralbecauseofthecurrenteconomicand politicalrealities,butIdon’tbelievethatthecollegeexperienceitselfismore intensetodaythanthatofthepast10years.WhatIdothinkisthatmany
studentsareoftennotpreparedtobeyoung“adults”withalltheresponsibilities of life.
Whatdoesthismeanforcollegefacultyandstaff?Wearerequiredtoassist inthebasicparentingofthesestudents–thestudentwhocomplainsthatthe professordidn’tremindheroftheduedateforanassignmentthatwasclearly listedonthesyllabusandthestudentwhocheatsonanassignmentinspiteof careful instructionsabout plagiarism.
Ascollegeprofessors,wehavetoexplainwhatitmeanstobeanindependent collegestudentbeforewecanevenbegintoteach.Asparentsandteachers we shouldexpectyoungpeopletomeetchallenges.Toencouragetheminthis direction,wehavetostepbackandletthemfailandpickthemselvesupand moveforward.Thisapproachneedstobeginatanearlyagesothatcollegecan actually be a passage toindependent adulthood.
Accordingtothewriter,studentstodayaredifferentfromthose she knewin thatthey are____________.
too ready forcollege
not as mature
not so academic
responsible for their work
Theword“handle”inparapgraph2mostlymeans____________.
deal with
gain benefits from
lend a hand to
point at
Accordingtothewriter,students’difficultiestocopewithcollege life arepartlydue to ____________.
the absence of parents’ protection
the lack ofparental support
the over-parenting fromparents
the lack of financial support
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
Collegefacultyandstaffarerequiredtohelpintheparentingofproblematic students.
Thecollegeexperienceitselfismoreintensetodaythanthatofthepast10 years.
Ourworldismorestressfulbecauseofthecurrenteconomicandpolitical situation.
Oursocietycertainlydoesn’twantourchildrentoexperienceunpleasant things.
Studentswhoarenotwell–preparedtobeyoung“adults”withall the responsibilities of life willneed ______.
to be assigned more housework fromadults
to be given more social responsibilities
to be encouraged to meet challenges
dailycoaching fromtheir teachers
Accordingtothewriter,failureinlifeandlesssupportfrom parents will ______.
help students to learn to stand on their own feet
allow students tolearn the first lesson in their lives
defeat students fromthe verybeginning
discourage students and let them down forever
What is probably thewriter’s attitude in the passage?
Praising
Indifferent
Humorous
Critial
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