(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 18
29 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
ThelackofprintingregulationsandtheunenforceabilityofBritishcopyright lawintheAmericancoloniesmadeitpossibleforcolonialprintersoccasionally toactaspublishers.Althoughtheyrarelyundertookmajorsjpublishingproject becauseitwasdifficulttosellbooksascheaplyastheycouldbeimportedfrom Europeprinters9inPhiladelphiadidpublishworkthatrequiredonlysmall amountsofcapital,paper,andtype.Broadsidescouldbepublishedwith minimalfinancialrisk.Consistingofonlyonesheetofpaperandrequiring smallamountsoftypebroadsidesinvolvedlowerinvestmentsofcapitalthan longer works. Furthermore, thebroadside format lent itself to subjects of high, iftemporary,interest,enablingthemtomeetwithreadysale.Ifthebroadside printermiscalculated,however,andproducedasheetthatdidnotsell,itwas notlikelytobeamajorlossandtheprinterwouldknowthisimmediately,There wouldbenoagonizingwaitwithlargeamountsofcapitaltiedupbooks gathering dust on theshelves, and creditors impatient for payment.
Inadditiontobroadsides,booksandpamphlets,consistingmainlyofpolitical tracts,catechisms,primers,andchapbookswererelativelyinexpensivetoprint andtobuy.Chapbookwerepamphlet-sizedbooks,usuallycontainingpopular tales, ballads, poems, shortplays, andjokes, small, both in formal and number ofpages,theyweregenerallyboundsimply,inboards(aformofcardboard)or merelystitchedinpaperwrappers(asewnantecedentofmodernday paperbacks).Pamphletsandchapbooksdidnotrequirefinepaperoragreat dealoftypetoproducetheycouldthusbeprintedinlarge,cost-effective editions and sold cheaply.
Byfar,themostappealingpublishinginvestmentsweretobefoundinsmall booksthathadproventobesteadysellers,providingareasonablyreliable sourceofincomeforthepublisher.Theywouldnot,bynature,behighlytopical orpolitical,assuchpublicationswouldproveoffleetinginterest.Almanacs, annualpublicationsthatcontainedinformationonastronomyandweather patternsarrangedaccordingtothedays,week,andmonthsofagivenyear, providedtheperfectsteadysellerbecausetheirinformationpertainedtothe locale in which theywould be used.
Whichaspectofcolonialprintingdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
Laws governing the printing industry.
Competition among printers
Types of publications produced
Advances in printing technology
Accordingtothepassage,whydidcolonialprintersavoidmajor publishing projects?
Fewcolonialprintersownedprintingmachinerythatwaslargeenoughto handle major projects.
There was inadequate shippingavailable in the colonies.
Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price.
Colonialprintersdidnothavetheskillsnecessarytoundertakelarge publishing projects.
Broadsidescouldbspublishedwithlittlerisktocolonialprinters because they
required a small financial investment and sold quickly
were in great demand inEuropean markets
were more popular with colonists thanchapbooksand pamphlets
generally dealt with topics of long-term interestto many colonists
The word "they" refers to
chapbooks
tales
jokes
pages
The word "appealing"is closest inmeaning to
dependable
respectable
enduring
attractive
What were "steady sellers"?
Printers whose incomes werequite large
People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets
Investorswho provided reliable financial Support for new printers
Publications whosesales were usually consistent from year to year
All ofthe following are defined inthe passage EXCEPT
"Broadsides"
"catechisms"
"chapbooks"
" Almanacs"
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.Exceptfor itsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghettinoodles.Itsalmostleafless,thread– likestemshangdownatopotherplantsthatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodder doesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsitfromotherplants.Itfeedsby suckingjuicesfromtheplantitiswrappedaround,oftenmakingitshostvery weakorevenkillingit.Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whena dodderseedlingstartsgrowing,itfollowsthescentofplantsitprefers,like tomato plants, potato plants, or other farm crops.
Unlikemostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,a dodderplantwillgrowinthedirectionof,forexample,tomatoodor––ifa tomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.However,ayoungdodderplantmust findahostplantquickly.Ifitcannotcatchawhiffofapotentialhostwithina fewdays,itwilldryupanddisappear—evenifthereisplentyofwateraround. Onceitfindsahost,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstart growing faster. At that point, the dodder plant will drop its root.
Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers. Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer’sharvestor evendestroycropscompletely.Beforesowingtheirproduce,farmersinwarm partsoftheworldoftenchecktomakesurenounwanteddodderseedshave intermingledwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostopdodderplants from sneaking their way into a crop field.
What is the main topic of the passage?
A new varietyof farm crop
Plants that are harmful to humans
Recentimprovementsinfarmingmethods
Thespecialabilitiesofa dangerous plant
Why does the author mention spaghetti?
To analyze the content of somefood
To describe the shape of a dodder plant
To explain where the dodder plant came from
To argue that dodder plants can be used to make food
The word it refers to _________.
Host
Food
plant
dodder
What causes dodder to grow in a particular direction?
Light
Water
Odor
Temperature
The expression catch a whiff is closest inmeaning to
Eattheseeds
findthelocation
noticethesmell
determinethe size
What will happenif adodderplantstartsgrowingwherethereare no other plants around?
Itwill soon die
Itwill grow deeper roots.
Itwill attract other plants
Itwill cover the entire area of soil
The expression get out of hand is closest inmeaning to
Dry up and die
change its color
become hard to find
grow uncontrollably
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
MickeyMantlewasoneofthegreatestbaseballplayersofalltime.Heplayed fortheNewYorkYankeesintheiryearsofglory.FromthetimeMantlebegan toplayprofessionallyin1951tohislastyearin1968,baseballwasthemost populargameintheUnitedStates.Formanypeople,Mantlesymbolizedthe hope, prosperity, and confidence ofAmerica at that time.Mantlewasafastandpowerfulplayer,a“switch-hitter”whocouldbatboth right-handedandlefthanded.Hewongameaftergame,oneWorldSeries championshipafteranother,forhisteam.Hewasawonderfulathlete,butthis alone cannot explain America’s fascination withhim.
Perhapsitwasbecausehewasahandsome,red-hairedcountryboy,theson ofapoorminerfromOklahoma.Hiscareer,fromtheleadminesoftheWestto theheightsofsuccessandfame,wasafairy-taleversionoftheAmerican dream.OrperhapsitwasbecauseAmericaalwayslovesa“natural”:aperson whowinswithoutseemingtotry,whosetalentappearstocomefromaninner grace. That was Mickey Mantle.
Butlikemanycelebrities,MickeyMantlehadaprivatelifethatwasfullof problems.Heplayedwithoutcomplaintdespiteconstantpainfrominjuries.He livedtofulfillhisfather’sdreamsanddranktoforgethisfather’searlydeath. It was a terrible addiction that finallydestroyed his body. It gave him cirrhosis oftheliverandacceleratedtheadvanceoflivercancer.EvenwhenMickey Mantlehadturnedawayfromhisoldlifeandwarnedyoungpeoplenotto followhisexample,thedestructiveprocesscouldnotbestopped.Despitea livertransplantoperationthathadallthosewholovedandadmiredhimhoping for a recovery, Mickey Mantle died ofcancer at the age of 63.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Mickey Mantleas the greatest baseball player of all time.
Mickey Mantle’ssuccess and private life full of problems.
Mickey Mantleand his career as a baseball player.
Mickey Mantleand the history of baseball.
According to the passage, Mantle could ______.
hit the ball to score from a long distance.
bat better with his left hand than with his right hand.
hit withthe bat on either side of his body.
give the most powerful hitin his team.
The word “this” asused in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.
Mantle’s beinga fast and powerful player
Mantle’s being a wonderful athlete
Mantle’s being fascinated by many people
Mantle’s beinga “switch-hitter”
The author uses the word “But” in paragraph 4 to ______.
change the topic of the passage
give an argument in favor of Mantle’s success and fame
explain how Mantle got into trouble
give an example of thetrouble in Mantle’s privatelife
Theword“accelerated”inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto ______.
worsened
bettered
delayed
quickened
Wecanseefromparagraph5thatafterhisfather’sdeath,Mantle ______.
played even better
led a happier life
forgot his father’s dream
suffered a lot ofpain
Whichofthefollowingismentionedasthemaincauseofthe destruction of Mantle’s body?
His loneliness
His way of life
His livertransplant operation
His own dream
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.Humanshavestruggledagainstweedssincethebeginningsofagriculture. Marringourgardensisoneofthemildereffectsofweeds-anyplantsthatthrive wheretheyareunwanted.Theyclogwaterways,destroywildlifehabitats,and impedefarming.Theirspreadeliminatesgrazingareasandaccountsforone-thirdofallcroploss.Theycompeteforsunlight,nutrients,andwaterwith useful plants.
Theglobalneedforweedcontrolhadbeenansweredmainlybythechemical industry.Itsherbicidesareeffectiveandsometimesnecessary,butsomepose seriousproblems, particularlyif misused.
Toxiccompoundsthreatenanimalandpublichealthwhentheyaccumulatein foodplants,groundwater,anddrinkingwater.Theyalsoharmworkerswho apply them.
Inrecentyears,thechemicalindustryhasintroducedseveralherbicidesthat aremoreecologicallysound.Yetnewchemicalsalonecannotsolvetheworld's weedproblems.Hence,scientistsareexploringtheinnateweed-killingpowers oflivingorganisms,primarilyinsectsandmicroorganisms.Thebiological agentsnowinuseareenvironmentallybenignandareharmlesstohumans. Theycanbechosenfortheirabilitytoattackselectedtargetsandleavecrops andotherplantsuntouched.Incontrast,someofthemosteffectivechemicals killvirtuallyalltheplantstheycomeincontactwith,sparingonlythosethat arenaturallyresistantorhavebeengeneticallymodifiedforresistance. Furthermore,anumberofbiologicalagentscanbeadministeredonlyonce, afterwhichnoaddedapplicationsareneeded.Chemicalstypicallymustbeused several times per growing season.
Withwhat topic does this passage primarily deal?
The importance of the chemical industry.
The dangers of toxic chemicals.
A proposal to ban the use of all herbicides
Advantages of biological agents overchemical ones.
Theword"Marring"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto _______________.
spoiling
planting
dividing
replacing
Whichofthefollowingtermsdoestheauthordefineinthefirst paragraph?
weeds
nutrients
wildlife habitats
grazing area
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheuseofchemical agents as herbicides would the author most likely agree?
It is safe but inefficient.
It should be increased.
It is occasionallyrequired.
It has become more dangerous recently.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasanadvantageofusing biological agentsover chemical herbicides?
They are safer for workers.
They are less likelytodestroy desirable plants.
They are more easilyavailable.
They do nothave to be used as often.
Theword"innate"inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto __________.
effective
organic
natural
active
Accordingtothepassage,biologicalagentsmainlyconsistof ____________.
herbicides
useful plants
weeds
insects andmicroorganisms
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthe passage?
A general idea is introduced and several specificexamplesare given.
Two possible causes of aphenomenon are compared.
A problem is described and possible solutions are discussed.
A recommendation is analyzed and rejected.
