(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 16
28 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.Soundmovesformitssourcetotheearbywavelikefluctuationsinair pressure,somethinglikethecrestsandtroughsofoceanwaves.Oncewayto keepfromhearingsoundistouseearplugs.Anotherwayistocanceloutthe soundwithanti-sound.Usinganoisemarkercontrolledbyamicroprocessor, engineershaveproducedsoundwavesthatarehalfawavelengthoutofphase withthoseofthenoisetobequieted-eachcrestismatchedtoatrough,andvice versa.Oncetheresearchershaverecordedtheoffendingsound,a microprocessorcalculatestheamplitudeandwavelengthofsoundthatwill canceloutthecrestsandtroughsofnoise.Itthenproducesanelectriccurrent thatisamplifiedandfedtoaloudspeaker,whichproducesantisoundandwipes outthenoise.Iftheanti-soundgoesoutofsynchronization,amicrophonepicks uptheleftoversoundandsendsitbacktothemicroprocessor,whichchanges the phase of the anti- sound just enough to cause complete silence.
Theresearchteamhasconcentratedoneliminatinglow-frequencynoisefrom shipengines,whichcausesfatiguethatcanimpairtheefficiencyandalertness of the crew, andmay mask the warning sounds of alarmand fog signals.
What is the mainpurpose of the passage?
To discuss a physical handicap
To warn about a growing danger
To describe the structure of the ear
To report on a new invention
Chọn đáp án D
Mục đích của bài này là To report on a new invention (Giới thiệu một phát minh mới). Phát minh đó là sử dụng bộ vi xử lý (a microprocessor) để loại bỏ các âm thanh không mong muốn.
The passage compares sound to_________.
therisingandfallingofwaterintheocean
thecrestsandvalleysof mountain ranges
a flag waving in the air
a machine for gauging air pressure
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin ở câu đầu tiên của bài đọc: Sound moves form its source to the ear by wavelike fluctuations in air pressure, something like the crests and troughs of ocean waves. (Âm thanh di chuyển hình thành nguồn gốc của nó trong tai bởi biến động trong áp suất không khí, một cái gì đó giống như các đỉnh và đáy của sóng biển.)
Thepassagediscussesawaytodealwithanoffensivenoise by_________.
diverting people's attention fromit
masking it with a louder noise
canceling it out electronically
removing its source
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở câu thứ 2 và 3 của đoạn đầu tiên: One way to keep from hearing sound is to use ear plugs. Another way is to cancel out the sound with anti- sound. (Một cách để cách âm là sử dụng nút tai. Một cách nữa là triệt tiêu âm thanh với dụng cụ chống âm)
Themicroprocessordescribedinthepassagewillprobablybeused for_________.
composing music
repairing alarm systems
eliminating enginenoises
intensifying for warning sounds
Chọn đáp án C
Thông tin ở đoạn 1: Using a noisemarker controlled by a microprocessor, engineers have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phase with those of the noise to be quieted-each crest is matched to a trough, and vice versa. Once the researchers have recorded the offending sound, a microprocessor calculates the amplitude and wavelength of sound that will cancel out the crests and troughs of noise. It then produces an electric current that is amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, which produces anti-sound and wipes out the noise.
⇒ microprocessor (bộ vi xử lý) được dùng để loại bỏ âm thanh
Theresearchermentionedinthepassageareconcernedabout unwanted noise because it can_________.
cause deafness
create hazardousworking conditions
influence ocean waves
damage loudspeakers and soundequipment
Chọn đáp án B
Thông tin ở câu cuối: … which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew, and may mask the warning sounds of alarm and fog signals.
(những âm thanh không mong muốn có thể gây mệt mỏi, ảnh hưởng đến năng suất và sự tỉnh táo của phi hành đoàn, và có thể che mất âm thanh cảnh báo và tín hiệu bão ⇒ tạo ra tình trạng làm việc nguy hiểm)
Accordingtothepassage,whatgroupofpeoplewillprobablyfirst from the use of the microprocessor?
Ship's crews
Research engineers
People with insomnia
Engine repair teams
Chọn đáp án A
Thông tin ở đoạn cuối: The research team has concentrated on eliminating low- frequency noise from ship engines, which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew
Aparagraphfollowingthepassagewouldmostprobably discuss_________.
the nature of fog
a waytoimprove alarm systems
othercauses of fatigue
other uses for the microprocessor
Chọn đáp án D
Bài đọc này chủ yếu nói về công dụng loại bỏ, tách âm thanh của bộ vi xử lý (a microprocessor). Vì vậy, đoạn sau của bài đọc này có thể sẽ nói về những công dụng khác của bộ vi xử lý này.
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
TheHinduculturalcelebratesmarriageasapureandpristineriteenabling twoindividualsstarttheirjourneyoflifetogether.Itputsemphasisonthe valuesofhappiness,harmonyandgrowthandcouldbetracedbackfromthe Vedic times.
Monthsbeforetheweddingceremony,anengagementisheldwhichiscalled "mangni".Thecoupleisblessedherewithgifts,jewelryandclothes.Another importantritualisthe"mehendi"whichisapastemadefromtheleavesof hennaplant.Itisthetraditionalartofadorningthehandsandthefeetofthe bride with mehendi and the nameof the groomis also hidden in the design.
Onthedayofmarriage,thecoupleexchangesgarlandsasagestureof acceptanceofoneanotherandapledgetorespectoneanotheraspartnerswhich isknownas"jaimala".Thisisfollowedby"kanyadaan",wherethefatherofthe brideplacesherhandinthegroom'shandrequestinghimtoacceptherasan equal partner.Anotherritualisthe"havan"inwhichthecoupleinvokesAgni,thegodof Fire,towitnesstheircommitmenttoeachother.Crushedsandalwood,herbs, sugarriceandoilareofferedtotheceremonialfire.The"gathbandhan"takes placewherescarvesofthebride andgroomare tiedtogethersymbolizing their eternalbonThissignifiestheirpledgebeforeGodtoloveeachotherandremain loyal.Thecouplethentakesfour"mangalpheras"orwalkaroundthe ceremonialfire,representingfourgoalsinlife:"Dharma",religiousandmoral duties;"Artha",prosperity;"Kama"earthlypleasures;"Moksha",spiritual salvation.
Thecouplealsotakessevenstepstogethertobegintheirjourney,calledthe "saptapardi".Thentheritualof"sindoor"takesplacewherethegroomapplies asmalldotofvermilion,aredpowdertothebride'sforeheadandwelcomesher ashispartnerforlife.Thissignifiesthecompletionofthemarriage.Theparents ofthebrideandthegroomthengivetheirblessings,"ashirwad"tothe newlywed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
What does the word magni standfor?
the wedding
the paste made from the leave of one another
the engagement
the gesture of acceptance ofone another
Chọn đáp án C
– magni: lễ đính hôn. – dòng thứ nhất đoạn thứ 2. “Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called "mangni".”
What dothe Hindu people think about marriage?
Itisentirelyaspiritualtraditionalritualallowingtwoindividualstolive together.
It is a belief in the growth ofafamily newly formed by two individuals.
It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals.
It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals.
Chọn đáp án A
Dòng thứ nhất, đoạn thứ nhất. “The Hindu cultural celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.”
What can the word adorning be best replaced by?
decorating
painting
repairing
dying
Chọn đáp án A
adorn = decorate : trang điểm
What can the word invokes bebest replaced by?
tells
says
prays
talks
Chọn đáp án C
invoke = pray : cầu, khấn.
Why does the couple exchange garlands?
to do aritual
to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect thepartner.
to express their acceptanceof one another and a wish of happiness.
to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life.
Chọn đáp án B
Dòng thứ nhất, đoạn thứ ba. “On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as "jaimala".”
When is the wedding ceremony completed?
Whentheparentsofthebrideandthegroomgivetheirblessingstothe couple.
When the couple touches their parents' feet.
When the couple makes seven steps together.
When the groom applies a smalldot of vermillionof the bride's forehead.
Chọn đáp án D
Dòng thứ nhất, đoạn cuối cùng. “Then the ritual of "sindoor" takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride's forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the completion of the marriage.”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
AJapaneseconstructioncompanyplanstocreateahugeindependentcity-state,akintothelegendaryAtlantis,inthemiddleofthePacificOcean.The city,dubbed“Marinnation”,wouldhaveaboutonemillioninhabitants,two airports,andpossiblyevenaspaceport.Marinnation,ifbuilt,wouldbea separatecountrybutcouldserveasahomeforinternationalorganisationssuch as the United Nations andthe World Bank.
Asidefromthemanypoliticalandsocialproblemsthatwouldhavetobe solved,theengineeringtaskenvisagedismonumental.Theinitialstagerequires thebuildingofacirculardameighteenmilesindiameterattachedtothesea bedinarelativelyshallowplaceininternationalwaters.Then,severalhundred powerfulpumps,operatingformorethanayear,wouldsuckouttheseawater fromwithinthedam.Whenemptyanddry,theareawouldhaveacity constructed on it. The actual land would be about 300 feet below the sea level. Accordingtodesigners,thehardesttaskfromanengineeringpointofview would be to ensure that the dam is leak proof and earthquake proof.
Ifallgoeswell,itishopedthatMarinnationcouldbereadyforhabitationat theendoftheseconddecadeofthetwenty-firstcentury.Whetheranyonewould wanttoliveinsuchanisolatedandartificialcommunity,however,willremain an open question until that time.
Accordingtothetext,Marrination,whenbuilt,willbe a(an)__________ city.
underwater
underground
marine
legendary
Chọn đáp án C
underwater city : thành phố dưới đáy biển. Dòng đầu tiên, đoạn thứ nhất. “A Japanese construction company plans to create a huge independent city-state, akin to the legendary Atlantis, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.”
Theword‘akin’inparagraph1couldbebestreplacedby __________.
likely
close
next
similar
Chọn đáp án D
Akin = similar (giống)
Which of the followingis NOT trueaccording to the text?
Marinnation would have aboutone million inhabitants.
Marinnationwill be built ina deep place in the Pacific Ocean.
Marinnationwill be located in themiddle of the Pacific Ocean.
Marinnation could be served as home for international organisations.
Chọn đáp án B
Dòng thứ 2, đoạn thứ 2. “The initial stage requires the building of a circular dam eighteen miles in diameter attached to the sea bed in a relatively shallow place in international waters.”
The word ‘monumental’ inParagraph 2 means __________.
important and difficult
important and historic
like alarge monument
serving as a monument
Chọn đáp án A
monumental : quan trọng, vĩ đại, xuất sắt, đầy thách thức.
Thephrase‘suckout’inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtowhich of the following?
draw out
dry up
take out
pull out
Chọn đáp án A
suck out = draw out : dẫn nước ra.
Accordingtothe text,people couldcome tolive inthe future city in the year _______.
2002
2012
2010
2020
Chọn đáp án D
Dòng thứ nhất, đoạn thứ 3. “If all goes well, it is hoped that Marinnation could be ready for habitation at the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century.”
What does the author imply in the lastsentence of the passage?
Peoplewill ask anopen question about living in Marinnation.
The construction of Marinnation could never becompleted in time.
People might not want to live inan isolated and artificial community.
Peoplewill ask how they can live in such an isolated and artificial city.
Chọn đáp án C
Tác giả đặt câu hỏi về việc liệu người ta có muốn sống trong một cộng đồng cách biệt và nhân tạo như thế không.
WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTbeaproblemforthe construction plan?
social
political
engineering
financial
Chọn đáp án D
Dòng thứ nhất đoạn thứ 2. “Aside from the many political and social problems that would have to be solved, the engineering task envisaged is monumental.”
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Hummingbirdsaresmall,oftenbrightlycoloredbirdsofthefamily TrochilidaethatliveexclusivelyintheAmericas.About12speciesarefound inNorthAmerica,butonlytheruby-throatedhummingbirdbreedsineastern NorthAmericaandisfoundfromNovaScotiatoFlorida.Thegreatestvariety andnumberofspeciesarefoundinSouthAmerica.Anotherhummingbird species is found from southeasternAlaska to northern California.
Manyhummingbirdsareminute.Buteventhegianthummingbirdfoundin westernSouthAmerica,whichisthelargestknownhummingbird,isonlyabout 8incheslongandweighsabouttwo-thirdsofanounce.Thesmallestspecies, thebeehummingbirdofCubaandtheIsleofPines,measuresslightlymore than 5.5 centimeters and weighs about two grams.
Hummingbirds'bodiesarecompact,withstrongmuscles.Theyhavewings shapedlikeblades.Unlikethewingsofotherbirds,hummingbirdwings connecttothebodyonlyattheshoulderjoint,whichallowsthemtoflynot onlyforward butalsostraightupanddown, sideways, andbackward. Because oftheirunusualwingshummingbirdscanalsohoverinfrontofflowerssothey cansucknectarandfindinsects.Thehumming-bird'sbill,adaptedforsecuring nectarfromcertaintypesof flowers, isusuallyratherlongandalwaysslender, and it is curved slightly downward in many species.
Thehummingbird’sbodyfeathersaresparseandmorelikescalesthan feathers.Theuniquecharacterofthefeathersproducesbrilliantandiridescent
colors,resultingfromtherefractionoflightbythefeathers.Pigmentationof otherfeathersalsocontributestotheuniquecolorandlook.Maleandfemale hummingbirdslookalikeinsomespeciesbutdifferentinmostspecies;males of most speciesare extremely colorful.
Therate atwhichahummingbirdbeatsitswingsdoesnotvary,regardlessof whetheritisflyingforward,flyinginanotherdirection,ormerelyhovering. Buttheratedoesvarywiththesizeofthebird-thelargerthebird,thelower therate,rangingfrom80beatspersecondforthesmallestspeciesto10times persecondforlargerspecies.Researchershavenotyetbeenabletorecordthe speedofthewingsofthebeehumming-birdbutimaginethattheybeateven faster.Mosthummingbirds,especiallythesmallerspecies,emitscratchy, twittering,orsqueakysounds.Thewings,andsometimesthetailfeathers,often producehumming,hissing,orpoppingsounds,whichapparentlyfunction much as do the songs of other birds.
According to the passage, where are hummingbirds found?
Throughout the world
In North America only
In South America only
In Northand South America
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: About 12 species are found in North America, but only the ruby- throated hummingbird breeds in eastern North America and is found from Nova Scotia to Florida.
Theauthor indicatesthatthe ruby-throatedhummingbirdis found _______.
throughout North America.
in California.
in South America.
in the easternpart of NorthAmerica
Chọn đáp án D
Giải thích: but only the ruby-throated hummingbird breeds in eastern North America and is found from Nova Scotia to Florida.
Theword “minute”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaning to _______.
extremely tiny
extremely fast
unique
organized
Chọn đáp án A
Giải thích: ‘minute’ = ‘extremely tiny’ (rất nhỏ)
The word which in the second paragraph refers to _______.
western South America.
the giant hummingbird.
all hummingbirds.
Florida hummingbirds.
Chọn đáp án B
Đây là dạng câu hỏi quy chiếu từ vựng.
Trong câu, đại từ quan hệ WHICH bổ nghĩa cho cụm “the giant hummingbird” (loài chim ruồi khổng lồ).
Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheratehummingbirds’wings beat?
Althoughthebeehummingbirdisthesmallest,itswingsdon'tbeatthe fastest.
The hummingbird's wings beat faster when it is sucking nectar than when it is just flying.
The rate is notmuch different than that of otherbirds of its size.
The speed at whicha bee hummingbird’s wings beat is not actually known.
Chọn đáp án D
Theo thông tin xuất hiện ở cuối đoạn 5 “Researchers have not yet been able to record the speed of the wings of the bee humming-bird but imagine that they beat even faster.” (Các nhà nghiên cứu vẫn chưa thể ghi lại tốc độ đập cánh của loài chim ruồi ong nhưng hãy tưởng tượng là chúng đập thậm chí còn nhanh hơn.), ta có suy ra rằng tốc độ đập cánh của chim ruồi ong vẫn chưa được biết rõ.
Theauthorindicatesthatahummingbird’swingsaredifferent from those of other birds because
they attach to thebody at onepoint only.
theyattach to thebody at more points than other birds.
they attach and detach from the body.
they are controlled by a different sectionof the brain.
Chọn đáp án A
Tác giả chỉ ra rằng đôi cánh của chim ruồi khác với các loài chim khác ở chỗ chúng liền với cơ thể chỉ tại một điểm. Thông tin xuất hiện ở đầu đoạn 3 “Unlike the wings of other birds, hummingbird wings connect to the body only at the shoulder joint...”.
Accordingtothepassage,whatcausestheuniquecolorandlook of hummingbirds?
The color of the feathers
The structure of the feathers as well as pigmentation
The rapidity of flight
The pigmentation of the body
Chọn đáp án B
Theo bài đọc này, cấu trúc của bộ lông và màu da tạo ra màu sắc và diện mạo độc nhất vô nhị
của loài chim ruồi.
Thông tin xuất hiện ở giữa đoạn 4 “The unique character of the feathers produces brilliant and iridescent colors, resulting from the refraction of light by the feathers. Pigmentation of other feathers also contributes to the unique color and look.”
