(Viên chức Mầm non) 650 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 13
30 câu hỏi
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Scientistsdonotyetthoroughlyunderstandjusthowthebodyofanindividual becomessensitivetoasubstancethatisharmlessorevenwholesomeforthe averageperson.Milk,wheat,andegg,forexample,rankamongthemost healthfulandwidelyusedfoods.Yetthesefoodscancausepersonssensitiveto themtosuffergreatly.Atfirst,thebodyoftheindividualisnotharmedby comingintocontactwiththesubstance.Afteravaryingintervaloftime,usually longerthanafewweeks,thebodybecomessensitivetoit,andanallergyhas beguntodevelop.Sometimesit'shardtofigureoutifyouhaveafoodallergy, since itcanshowupsomanydifferentways.Yoursymptomscouldbecaused bymanyotherproblems.Youmayhaverashes,hives,jointpainsmimicking arthritis,headaches,irritability,ordepression.Themostcommonfoodallergies aretomilk,eggs,seafood,wheat,nuts,seeds,chocolate,oranges,andtomatoes. Manyoftheseallergieswillnotdevelopifthesefoodsarenotfedtoaninfant untilherorhisintestinesmatureataroundsevenmonths.Breastmilkalsotends tobeprotective.Migrainescanbesetoffbyfoodscontainingtyramine, phenathylamine,monosodiumglutamate,orsodiumnitrate.Commonfoods whichcontainthesearechocolate,agedcheeses,sourcream,redwine,pickled herring,chickenlivers,avocados,ripebananas,curedmeats,manyOrientaland preparedfoods(readthelabels!).Somepeoplehavebeensuccessfulintreating theirmigraineswithsupplementsofB-vitamins,particularlyB6andniacin. Childrenwhoarehyperactivemaybenefitfromeliminatingfoodadditives, especiallycolorings,andfoodshighinsalicylatesfromtheirdiets.Afewof thesearealmonds,greenpeppers,peaches,tea,grapes.Thisisthedietmade popularbyBenjaminFeingold,whohaswrittenthebook“WhyyourChildis Hyperactive”.Otherresearchershavehadmixedresultswhentestingwhether the diet iseffective.
The topic of this passage is ___________.
infantsand allergies
food and nutrition
reactions to foods
a good diet
Accordingtothepassage,thedifficultyindiagnosingallergiesto foods is due to___________.
the vast number of different foods we eat
lack ofa proper treatment plan
the similarityof symptoms ofthe allergy to other problems
the use of prepared formula to feed babies
The word "symptoms"is closest in meaning to ___________.
prescriptions
diet
diagnosis
indications
What can be inferred aboutbabies from this passage?
They can eat almost anything.
They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
The author states that thereasonthat infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ___________ .
lack of teeth
poor metabolism
inability to swallow solid foods
underdeveloped intestinal tract
The word "these" refers to ___________.
food additives
food colorings
innutritious foods
foods high in salicylates
Whichofthefollowingwasasuggestedtreatmentformigraines in the passage?
UsingVitaminBinadditiontoagooddiet
AvoidingallOrientalfoods
Getting plenty of sodium nitrate
Eating more ripe bananas
According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT ___________.
available in book form
verified by researchers as beingconsistently effective
beneficial for hyperactive children
designed to eliminatefoods containing certain food additives
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Fungiareagroupoforganismsthat,despitebeingplants,havenoleavesor flowers.Infact,fungidonotevensharethegreencolourthatmostotherplants display.Scientistsestimatethatthereareover1.5milliondifferentspeciesof fungiintheworld.Though,todate,only100.000havebeenidentified,leaving manymorethathavenotbeenfound.Oneinterestingfeatureoffungiisthat theyofteninteractwithoilierorganismsinordertosurvive.Theserelationships areattimesbeneficialtobothorganisms.Othertimes,thefungusbenefits without causing harm to the other organism.
Manytypesoffungushavebeneficialrelationshipswithplants.Initiallymany gardenerswouldbeconcernedtoknowthattheirplantswerecolonisedbya fungus.Thisisbecausesomefungicancauseplantstodie.Infact,theIrish potatofaminewascausedbyafungusthatkilledentirecropsofpotatoes. However,manyplantsactuallydependoncertaintypesoffungitohelpitstay healthy.Fungiareimportanttoplantsbecausetheyhelpplantsabsorbmore mineralsfromthesoilthantheycouldontheirown.Thereasonforthishasto dowithhowfungiobtainfood.Unlikegreenplants,fungicannotmaketheir ownfood.Theymustabsorbtheirfood.Whenthefungiabsorbmineralsfrom thesoil,theydrawthenutrientsclosertotherootsoftheplants,sotheplantis abletousethemaswell.Thefungusalsobenefitsfromthisrelationship.Using themineralsfromthesoil,aswellassunlight,theplantsisabletoproduce sugarsandothernutrients.Thenthefungusabsorbsthenutrientsfromplant roots and uses them to survive.
Notallrelationshipsarebeneficialforbothorganisms:insomeinteractions, onlythefungusbenefits.Still,forsomefungusspecies,contactwithother organismsisessential.Andthoughthefungidonotprovideanybenefitsforthe otherorganism,theydonotharmiteither.Oneexampleofthisisaspecies calledPilobolus.Thisfungusreliesonotheranimalstohelpitreproduce.The Pilobolusgrowsinanimaldung.Whenitbecomesmature,itshootsitsspores awayfromthedungpile.Thesporeslandinthegrasswherecowsgraze.The sporesareconsumedbytheanimalbutdonotgrowwhileinsidethestomach. They travel through the body ofthe animal until they are passed and deposited in another area, where they continue to grow.
It can be inferredfrom paragraph 1 that___________
Many species of fungi have yet to be discovered
Fungi do harmtothe organism they interact with
Fungi can have green or dull brown colors
There are 100,000 species of fungi leftno identity
Theword"absorb"inthepassage2isclosestinmeaning to_________.
consume
get in
deprive
take in
Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisnottrueabout fungus growing on or near plants?
Itcanhelpmaintainintheplant’shealth the plant.
Itissometimesdangerousforplants. plant.
Itneitherbenefitsnorharms
Itgrowsneartherootsofthe
The word "them" inthe passage 2 refers to_________.
minerals
plant roots
fungi
nutrients
Theauthordiscussescowsandhorsesinparagraph3inorder to_________
illustratehowfunguscanbeharmful reproduces
giveexamplesofanimalsthateatfungu anywhere
explainhowatypeoffungus
showthatfunguscanbefound
According to the passage 3, Pilobolus fungus___________
doesn’t benefit from its relationship with animals
needs other organismsin order to reproduce
matures inside the stomachs ofcows and horses
causes horses and cows to become ill
Theword"graze"inthepassageisclosestinmeaning to_________.
eat
live
view
grow
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
Traditionalmethodsofteachingnolongersufficeinthistechnologicalworld. Currentlytherearemorethan100,000computersinschoolroomsintheUnited States.Studentsmediocreandbrightalike,fromthefirststagethroughhigh schoolnotonlyarenotintimidatedbymycomputers,buthavebecomeavid participants in the computerepoch.
Kidsoperatingcomputerimplementtheircurriculumwithgreatversatility.A musicstudentcanprogrammusicalnotessothatthecomputerwillplay BeethovenortheBeatles.Forabiologyclass,thecomputercanproducea pictureoftheintricateenvisagehumanbiologyinaprofoundway.Anuclear reactorisnolongeranenigmatostudentswhocanseeitsworkingsinminute detailonacomputer.InWisconsi,theChippewaIndiansarestudyingtheir ancientandalmostforgottenlanguagewiththeaidofacomputer.More commonly,thecomputerisusedfordrillingmathandlanguageconceptsso thatyoungstersmaylearnattheirownspeedwithouttryingthepatienceoftheir humanteachers.Thesimplestcomputersaidthehandicapped,wholearnmore rapidlyfromthecomputerthanfromhumans.Onceirksome,remedialdrills
andexercisesnowoncomputerareconducivetolearningbecausethemachine respondstocorrectanswerswithpraiseandtoincorrectanswerswithfrowns and even anoccasional tear.
Adolescentshavebecomesoexhilaratedbycomputersthattheyhave developedtheirownjargon,easilyunderstoodbytheirpeersbutleavingtheir disconcertedparentsinthedark.Theyhaveshownsomuchfervorforcomputer thattheyhaveformedcomputerclubs,beguiletheirleisurehoursincomputer stores,andevenattendcomputercamps.ABoyScoutcangetacomputermerit badge.OneingeniousyoungstudentdevisedacomputergameforAtariwill earnhim\x3Cscripttype="math/tex"id="MathJax-Element-1">100,000in royaltiesThisisdefinitelythecomputerage.Manufacturersofcomputersare presentlygettingtaxwrite–offsfordonatingequipmenttocollegesand universitiesandarepushingforlegislationtoobtainfurtherdeductionsfor contributionstoelementaryandhighschool.Furthermore,thepriceof computerforhomeorofficeisbeingsoldforlessthan\x3C/script>$100,000 inroyalties.Atthatpriceeveryclassinthecountrywillsoonhavecomputer kids.
Theexpression“traditionalmethodsofteaching”isthefirst sentence refers to ______
technological methods of teaching
teachers who punish students for not learning
teachers, textbooks and class drills
teaching the three Rs i.e readung, wrting and arithmetic
Inordertooperateacomputer,astudentdoesnothavetobe _______
in grade school
versatile
especially bright
musical
Today’sstudentswith the aid of computer__________
try toconfusetheir parents
havemore trouble learning
can understandmore complex concepts
build nuclear reactors
When the author says parents are “left in the dark”, he means that they ____________
didn’t pay the electrical bill
don’t understand
Have deficient eyesight
go out at night
Computers are used most for ______________
Boy Scout merit badges
scientific subjects
language instruction
drillsand exercises
Accordingtothepassage,oneexceedinglycleverstudenthas ___________
overcome ahandicap
inventeda video game
learned anIdian language
played music on a computer
It can be inferredfrom the passage that_____________
computers are difficult to operate
students today have to be smarter than their parents
computer make learning todayeasier than itwas in the past
anyone who can operate acomputer isan genius
The price ofa computer isnow _____________
within the range of most schools’ budget
too high for most schools
higher than ever before
preventing school frombuying computers
ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B, C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.
ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplego to get aneducation. Nevertheless, ithasbeen saidthat todaychildreninterrupt theireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingand education implied bythis remark is important.
Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling. Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshower oronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformal learningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning. Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeople debatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereas schoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises. Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadaperson todiscoverhowlittle isknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon. Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,a processthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbean integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneral patternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,children arriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaught byanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.The slicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoran understandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbythe boundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknow thattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpolitical problemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersare experimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalized process of schooling.
Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyusingtheexpression “children interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2-3)?
Going to several different schools iseducationally beneficial.
School vacations interrupt thecontinuity of the school year.
Summerschool makes the school year too long.
All of life is an education.
The word “bounds” in line 5 is closestin meaning to
rules
experience
limits
exceptions
The word “ integral” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
equitable
profitable
pleasant
essential
The word “they” in line 17 refers to
slices of reality
similar textbooks
boundaries
seats
Thephrase“Forexample,”line19,introducesasentencethat gives examples of
similartextbooks
the results of schooling
the workings of a government
the boundaries of classroomsubjects
The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
Educationsystems need to be radically reformed
Going to school is only part ofhow people become educated.
Educationinvolvesmany years of professional training.
The passage is organized by
listing and discussing several educational problems
contrasting the meanings of two related words
narrating a story about excellent teachers
givingexamples of different kinds of schools
