LỖI

Strong-weak

Open- closed

Generous – mean

Before – after

Borrow – lend

Sad – happy

Near – far

True – false

East of – west of

My boss is busy at the moment is the contradiction of My boss is available at the moment

My boss is busy at the moment is the contradictory of My boss is available at the moment

My boss is busy at the moment is the contradictory of My boss is not available at the moment

Antique

Legs

Drawers

If we get engaged to be married, will you give me a ring?

I waved at my friend when he passed by

I bought a duck at the supermarket

Lexical

Structural

Both A and B

Cup

Clip

Head

Right

Can

Paper

A: He is coming

A: Can I have a date?

A: I like rose

If a proposition P entails aproposition Q, and P is true, then Q is false

If a proposition P entails aproposition Q, and P is true, then Q is true

If an aproposition Q entails a proposition P, and P is true, then Q is false

If an aproposition Q entails a proposition P, and P is true, then Q is true

If Fred got an A in the course, then he must have done all the work. Freddid get an A in the course, so therefore he didn’t do all the work.

If Fred got an A in the course, then he must have done all the work. Fred did get an A in the course, so therefore he must have done all the work.

If Fred got an A in the course, then he must have done all the work. Fred did do all the work in the course, so therefore he did get an A.

If Fred got an A in the course, then he must not have done all the work. Fred didn’t get an A in the course, so therefore he must not have done all the work.

Meanings

Language system

Senses

Utterances

cs LIVE c

c LIVE c

CS live C

d READ b j READ m

d j READ b m

d READ b & j READ m

h SENT BOOK

h SENT b

h SEND b k

h SEND BOOK m

If

Only

If … then

If and only if

If

Only

If … then

If and only if

(p q) = (q p)

(p q) (q p)

(q p) (p q)

(p q) & (q p)

True

False

Teacher

Longer

Father

Builder

Teacher

Replay

Revitalize

Inside

Beneficiary

Affected

Instrument

Agent

Experiencer

Subject

Agent

Location

Experiencer

(AGENT) AFFECTED BENEFICIARY

AGENT AFFECTED (BENEFICIARY)

(AGENT) AFFECTED (BENEFICIARY)

Fall

Autumn

Season

The propositional connective & corresponds roughly to if . . . then

The propositional connective -> corresponds roughly to if . . . then

The propositional connective -> corresponds roughly to and

His grandfather is a famous actress

Hanoi is a beautiful city

Mary tasted the apartment sold this month

Afternoon

Carpenter

Vision

I confirm that I’ll attend the interview

I’m so excited about the interview

I believe I’ll pass the interview

I condemn Jack for killing his comrade

I’m typing some messages to my friend

I warn you not to pick the flowers

Debate

Love

Bet

Request

Spit

Order

Asserting

Confessing

The hearer is angry

Ordering

Asking

The waiter writes down the meals

People queue in a long line to protest against the new regulations

The company hasn’t increased our salary for five years

Are you satisfied with the pay rate of the company?

‘You need to say yes when the teacher calls your name’

‘Yes !’

‘You don’t need to say yes when the teacher calls your name’

The speaker has done something wrong to the hearer

The hearer has done something wrong to the speaker

The speaker feels guilty about what he has done

Father to his son: ‘You should be sorry about your bad behaviors’

Two close friends talking to each other: ‘Can I call you by your first name?’

Teacher to students: ‘You have done a great job’