50 câu hỏi
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
land
sandy
many
candy
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
compete
intend
medal
defend
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions
relax
wonder
problem
special
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions
reflection
division
industry
remember
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
I think everyone wants to make friends with John. He is___________honest person
a
an
the
no article
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
He___________only three letters to his parents since he joined the army
has written
wrote
would write
had written
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Jimmy’s low examination scores kept him from___________to the university
to admit
to be admitted
admitting
being admitted
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The company is believed___________a lot of money last year
to lose
lost
to have lost
to be losing
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
When___________as the new manager of the company, Mr. Smith knew he had a lot of things to do
appointing
appointed
appoint
have appointed
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
___________his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly
Because
Even though
Because of
In spite of
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
If I___________a wallet in the street, I’d take it to the police
find
found
will find
would find
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
I assume that you are acquainted___________this subject since you are responsible writing the accompanying materials
to/for
with/for
to/to
with/with
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
The song has___________been selected for the 2018 World Cup, Russia
office
officer
officially
official
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Elephants___________the ecosystems they live in, and make it possible for a lot of other species to survive in those environments as well
obtain
remain
maintain
attain
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
After the fire, the government pledged to implement a program of___________all over the devastated national park
reforestation
rebuilding
replenishment
reconstruction
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
He was given a medal in___________of his service to the country
gratitude
recognition
knowledge
response
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
I'm going on business for a week, sp I'll be leaving everything___________.
on your guards
up to your eyes
in your capable hands
in the care of you
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Archaeologists think that massive floods could have___________the dinosaurs
wiped out
laid off
put aside
taken down
Mark A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved.
smoking
effects
on
have been proved
Mark A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
She had so many luggage that there was not enough room in the car for it
so many
was
enough room
it
Mark A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated elements
Alike
waves
may be
concentrated
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences
"I didn't break the mobile phone," Lan said
Lan denied breaking the mobile phone
Lan admitted breaking the mobile phone
Lan prevented us from breaking the mobile phone
Lan promised to break the mobile phone
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences
The bag was heavy, so we could not take it with us
If the bag was not heavy, we would take it with us
Unless the bag had not been heavy, we would have taken it with us
If had the bag not been heavy, we would have taken it with us
Had the bag not been heavy, we would have taken it with us
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following sentences
He was such a wet blanket at the party tonight!
He made people at the party wet through
He spoiled other people's pleasure at the party
He bought a wet blanket to the party
He was wet through when going home from the party
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
He was suspected of stealing credit cards. The police have investigated him for days
He has been investigated for days, suspected to have stolen credit cards
Suspecting to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days
Having suspected of stealing credit cards, he has been investigated for days
Suspected of stealing credit cards, he has been investigated for days
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions
The girl packed the vase in polyester foam. She didn’t want it to get broken in the post
The girl packed the vase in polyester foam so that it wouldn’t get broken in the post
The girl packed the vase in polyester foam so it didn’t get broken in the post
The girl packed the vase in polyester foam so as it wouldn’t get broken in the post
The girl packed the vase in polyester foam for it didn’t get broken in the post
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges
David and Cathy are talking about the party next week.
David.: “I’d like to invite you to a party next Sunday.”
Cathy: “___________”
Thank you. What time
How do you do?
You’re entirely welcome
I’m glad you like it
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Tom and Marry are meeting at the class reunion.
Tom. "Your hairstyle is terrific, Mary" - Mary. “___________"
Thanks. That's a nice compliment
why do you say so?
Sorry, I don't like it
I think so
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
I strongly recommend that you should take out an insurance policy in the house for your own peace of mind
to stop your sleeping
to stop your worrying
to stop your thinking
to stop your believing
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Every year this charity organization takes on volunteers to support the needy and the poor
dismisses
creates
recruits
interviews
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is OPPOSITE in meaning to each of the following questions
I must have a watch since punctuality is imperative in my new job
being on time
being cheerful
being efficient
being late
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is OPPOSITE in meaning to each of the following questions
Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were apples and orange
containing too many technical details
very similar
completely different
very complicated
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.
Higher education also provides a competitive edge in the career market. We all know that in the economic times we are living in today, finding jobs is not guaranteed. The number of people unemployed is still relatively high, and the number of new career (33) ___________ isn’t nearly enough to put people in jobs they are seeking. As a job seeker, you’re competing with a high number of experienced workers (34) ___________ have been out of the workforce for a while and are also seeking work. (35) ___________, when you have a higher education, it generally equips you for better job security. Generally speaking, employers tend to value those who have completed college than those who have only completed high school and are more likely to replace that person who hasn’t (36) ___________a higher education. Furthermore, some companies even go so far as to pay your tuition because they consider an educated (37) ___________to be valuable to their organization. A college
education is an investment that doesn’t just provide you with substantial rewards. It benefits the hiring company as well
responsibilities
activities
opportunities
possibilities
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.
Higher education also provides a competitive edge in the career market. We all know that in the economic times we are living in today, finding jobs is not guaranteed. The number of people unemployed is still relatively high, and the number of new career (33) ___________ isn’t nearly enough to put people in jobs they are seeking. As a job seeker, you’re competing with a high number of experienced workers (34) ___________ have been out of the workforce for a while and are also seeking work. (35) ___________, when you have a higher education, it generally equips you for better job security. Generally speaking, employers tend to value those who have completed college than those who have only completed high school and are more likely to replace that person who hasn’t (36) ___________a higher education. Furthermore, some companies even go so far as to pay your tuition because they consider an educated (37) ___________to be valuable to their organization. A college
education is an investment that doesn’t just provide you with substantial rewards. It benefits the hiring company as well.
who
where
whose
which
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.
Higher education also provides a competitive edge in the career market. We all know that in the economic times we are living in today, finding jobs is not guaranteed. The number of people unemployed is still relatively high, and the number of new career (33) ___________ isn’t nearly enough to put people in jobs they are seeking. As a job seeker, you’re competing with a high number of experienced workers (34) ___________ have been out of the workforce for a while and are also seeking work. (35) ___________, when you have a higher education, it generally equips you for better job security. Generally speaking, employers tend to value those who have completed college than those who have only completed high school and are more likely to replace that person who hasn’t (36) ___________a higher education. Furthermore, some companies even go so far as to pay your tuition because they consider an educated (37) ___________to be valuable to their organization. A college
education is an investment that doesn’t just provide you with substantial rewards. It benefits the hiring company as well
Otherwise
Moreover
Therefore
However
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.
Higher education also provides a competitive edge in the career market. We all know that in the economic times we are living in today, finding jobs is not guaranteed. The number of people unemployed is still relatively high, and the number of new career (33) ___________ isn’t nearly enough to put people in jobs they are seeking. As a job seeker, you’re competing with a high number of experienced workers (34) ___________ have been out of the workforce for a while and are also seeking work. (35) ___________, when you have a higher education, it generally equips you for better job security. Generally speaking, employers tend to value those who have completed college than those who have only completed high school and are more likely to replace that person who hasn’t (36) ___________a higher education. Furthermore, some companies even go so far as to pay your tuition because they consider an educated (37) ___________to be valuable to their organization. A college
education is an investment that doesn’t just provide you with substantial rewards. It benefits the hiring company as well
permitted
refused
applied
received
Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.
Higher education also provides a competitive edge in the career market. We all know that in the economic times we are living in today, finding jobs is not guaranteed. The number of people unemployed is still relatively high, and the number of new career (33) ___________ isn’t nearly enough to put people in jobs they are seeking. As a job seeker, you’re competing with a high number of experienced workers (34) ___________ have been out of the workforce for a while and are also seeking work. (35) ___________, when you have a higher education, it generally equips you for better job security. Generally speaking, employers tend to value those who have completed college than those who have only completed high school and are more likely to replace that person who hasn’t (36) ___________a higher education. Furthermore, some companies even go so far as to pay your tuition because they consider an educated (37) ___________to be valuable to their organization. A college
education is an investment that doesn’t just provide you with substantial rewards. It benefits the hiring company as well
employment
employer
employee
unemployed
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 38 to 42.
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale
what is the main topic of this passage?
The benefits of solar and wind power over conventional energy sources
Two types of alternative energy sources that should be further utilized
How energy resources are tapped from nature
Examples of the use of energy sources worldwide
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 38 to 42.
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale.
which of the following words could best replace the word “abundant”?
a lot
scarce
little
enough
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 38 to 42.
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale
The word “it” in the second paragraph refers to_____________
solar energy
the earth
sunlight
energy consumption
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 38 to 42.
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale
According to the passage, how is solar energy production similar to geothermal energy production?
They both require the use of a generator
They both use heat from the earth’s surface
They both require fairly simple technology
They are both conventional and costly
Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 38 to 42.
In this era of increased global warming and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, we must begin to put a greater priority on harnessing alternative energy sources. Fortunately, there are a number of readily available, renewable resources that are both cost- effective and earth - friendly. Two such resources are solar power and geothermal power.
Solar energy, which reaches the earth through sunlight, is so abundant that it could meet the needs of worldwide energy consumption 6,000 times over. And solar energy is easily harnessed through the use of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity. In the us alone, more than 100, 000 homes are equipped with solar electric systems in the form of solar panels or solar roof tiles. And in other parts of the world, including many developing countries, the use of solar system is growing steadily.
Another alternative energy source, which is abundant in specific geographical areas, is geothermal power, which creates energy by tapping heat from below the surface of the earth. Hot water and steam that are trapped in underground pools are pumped to the surface and used to run a generator, which produces electricity. Geothermal energy is 50,000 times more abundant than the entire known supply of fossil fuel resources and as with solar power, the technology needed to utilize geothermal energy is fairly simple. A prime example of effective geothermal use in Iceland, a region of high geothermal activity where there are over 80 percent of private homes, are heated by geothermal power.
Solar and geothermal energy are just two of promising renewable alternatives to conventional energy sources. The time is long overdue to invest in the development and use of alternative energy on global scale
what best describes the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
To warn people about the hazards of fossil fuel use
To convince people of the benefits of developing alternative energy sources
To describe the advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy use
To outline the problems and solutions connected with global warming
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
what does the passage mainly discuss?
How leadership differs in small and large groups
The role of leaders in social groups
The problems faced by leaders
How social groups determine who will lead them
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT___________
recruitment
specific leadership training
traditional cultural patterns
formal election process
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership
Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications
A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group
Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________
sharing responsibility with group members
achieving a goal
ensuring harmonious relationships
identifying new leaders
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
The word “collective” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to___________
necessary
group
particular
typical
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
It can be understood that___________
There is lots of tension and conflict in an election of a leader in the family
There is usually an election to choose leaders in a family as well as in larger groups
It has been said that there must be a set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common
Leaders are sometimes chosen formally or informally
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
The word “resolve” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___________
talk about
find a solution for
avoid repeating
avoid thinking about
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect
Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in terms of___________
examples that illustrate a problem
narration of events
comparison and contrast
cause and effect analysis