79 câu hỏi
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
delicate
pirate
narrate
considerate
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
shrine
uncle
drink
blanket
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
moonlight
mood
football
foolish
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 4
alteration
alternative
alternation
alternate
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 5
alteration
alternative
alternation
alternate
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 6
ail
not
for
also
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 7
in spite of
on account of
in favor of
instead of
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 7
substance
source
matter
resource
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 9
from
to
of
for
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 13
Suitable
open
likely
suited
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 10
if
though
because
then
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 11
other
others
another
the others
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word (s) for each of the blanks.
From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides -The Green Revolution regimen depends heavily on technology. One (4) , however , depends much(5) on technology - organic farming . Many organic farmers use machinery, but (6) chemical fertilizers or pesticides .(7) chemical soil enriches , they use animal manure and plant part not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (8) .Organic farmers also use alternatives (9) pesticides ; for example they many rely on natural predators of certain insect pets.(10) the need arises ; they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields . They use(11) techniques to control pests as well , like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other’s pests . Organic farmers do not need a lot of land ; (12) ,organic farming is perfectly (13) to small farm and is relatively inexpensive .Finally , many organic farmers’ average yields compare favorably with other farmers’ yields.
Điền vào ô 12
Suitable
open
likely
suited
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
One often expends far more energy in marathon run than expected
exhausts
consumes
spends
reserves
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
We left New York when I was six ; so my recollections of it are rather faint.
clear
explicable
ambiguous
unintelligible
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refers to
ocean
state
village
pipeline
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
Where in the passage dose the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen ?
line 15
line 3
line 12
line 7
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay ?
how many people worked for each company
how much oil field land each company owned
how long each company has owned land in the oil fields
how many oil wells were located on the company’s land
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
The phrase ” Resting on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to .
passing under
consisting of
supported by
protected with
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
The passage primarily discusses the pipeline’s -
operating costs
construction
employees
consumers
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
The word “ undertaken” int line 17 is closest in meaning to .
transported
removed
selected
attempted
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
The word “particular ” in line 19 is closest in meaning to .
peculiar
specific
exceptional
equal
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
According to the passage , 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each .
month
day
week
year
Read the following passage, and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each question.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams . The pipe is 4 feet in diameter and up to 2 million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth .Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil, rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground .The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost .Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline -construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating.
The word “it ” in line 1 refer
The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXCEPT the .
kind of soil and rock
lay of the land itself
local vegetation
climate
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I had to be early the next morning , so I myself and left the party .
refused
apologized
excused
thanked
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Advertising on TV is very expensive now. ,there is no shortage of companies competing for air time
moreover
whereas
nonetheless
consequently
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Reese : remember, they want someone who works well with people . You’re going to show them how easy- going and personable you are!
Kent: .
wait and see. Thanks
thanks I hope you
you see what I am like . Don’t worry
Thanks. I’ll keep that in mind
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It doesn’t matter what position you hold in society everyone is to the same laws
object
restricted
controlled
subject
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
It’s really hard to on less than a million VND a month
make a fuss
make ends meet
make a mess
make up your mind
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
He decided to buy some chocolate kept in an container for his father a watch for his mother and a doll with hair for his little sister.
air-tight / water - proof/ snow – white
airtighted / water-proofed / snow – whited
tight aired / proof watered / white snowed
tight aired / proof water / white snow
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
At present, the rate of economic growth is very satisfactory, but when foreign competition makes itself felt , this will not be the case.
effectively
eventually
enthusiastically
considerably
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
limit to the extent which human beings may benefit from their own inventive genius.
has no
it not
there is no
no any
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Suzy her brain , and finally found the answer
picked
racked
overused
scratched
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
My father says he’d the operation unless it is absolutely necessary
rather not having
rather not have
rather not to have
not rather had
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I love karaoke ; I’m not of a singer , though
proud
good
much
becoming
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Where can we meet ?
at your house
I do not know
I do not want to meet you
It’s up to you
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
I’ m sorry I offended you . I what I said.
take back
leave for
get back
get away
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
- “Ann borrowed the car without asking last night ”.
- “ I know and , he asked me for a raise in his allowance”.
on top of that
therefore
all in all
all the same
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
- “A bat can hear from a long distance ” “ ”
You bet
Yes, good hearer
No, you can be so sure
You know a bat well
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
The development company approval from the council for their plans for a new shopping centre
pleased
begged
sought
searched
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
She always puts the on me for things that I haven’t done
blame
charge
accusation
fault
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
the book , please return it to me
should you find
will you be finding
will you find
will you have found
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
For a short while , I managed to catch of the President entering the place.
vision
notice
view
sight
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
As the hospital had been careless with its hygiene procedures ,the patient found she had been with a harmful virus.
suspected
infected
rejected
detected
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.
I’ m sure you meant to pay me back my moneys, and it probably just slopped your mind.
I know I make a mistake when I loaned you money thinking that you would repay me.
it seems to me that it was never really your intention to pay me back, was it?
you said that you would pay me back, but I don’t know whether you meant it or not
you undoubtedly intended to return my money, but I’m sure you just forgot about it.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.
It couldn’t have been Mary that you heard shouting last night, as she is vacationing in Vermont at the moment
right now, Mary is having a holiday in Vermont , so it is impossible that it was she whose shouting you heard last night.
I think that Mary is on holiday in Vermont now, so you may be wrong in thinking that you heard her yelling last night
if it was Mary that you heard yelling last night, then she can’t be taking a vacation in Vermont at the moment
are you sure is was Mary who shouted to you last night, because , as far I know , she is on vacation in Vermont at the moment
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.
Technology improved rapidly during World War II and played a crucial role in determining how the war came to an end.
it was necessary to develop new technologies during World War II , or else the war would have been worse.
World War II ended in the way it did largely due to the rapid technological developments in the course of it
the role of technological development in bringing a swift end to World War II is undeniable .
if technology hadn’t improved so quickly during World War II , it would have lasted longer than it did
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.
This switch must not be touched on any account
on no account this switch be touched
on any account must you not touched this switch
on no account must this switch be touched .
on any account this switch must be touched .
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original sentence in each of the following questions.
By some it is supposed that bad luck may be avoided by loc king on wood.
if bad luck is coming , it will be destroyed provided that one knocks on wood.
there are some people who believe that it is bad luck to avoid knocking on wood
bad luck is said to be preventable by knocking on wood sometimes.
that knocking on wood can keep bad luck away is believed by some people
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is best- built from the prompts given.
I / strong / advise / you / take part / volunteer works /
I am strong advise that you should take part in volunteer works
I strongly advise that you might take part for volunteer works
I strongly advise that you should take part in volunteer works
I am strong in advising you to take part in volunteer works
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is best- built from the prompts given.
only when / general’s personal diaries / publish / truth / come out//
only when the general’s personal diaries were published the truth come out.
only when the general’s personal diaries had been published the truth come out.
only when the general’s personal diaries were published had the truth come out.
only when the general’s personal diaries were published did the truth come out.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is best- built from the prompts given.
be/ doctor / she / know / what /side- effects / medicine / have //
be a doctor , she knows what side - effects the medicine can have
being a doctor , she knew what side - effects the medicine could have
have been a doctor , she had known what side - effects the medicine could have
to be a doctor , she knows what side - effects the medicine might have
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is best- built from the prompts given.
we / listen / old man / say / his story / beginning / end
we listened to the old man saying his story from beginning to end
we listened the old man say his story from the beginning to the end
we listened to the old man say his story from beginning to end
we listened to the old man to say his story from beginning to end
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is best- built from the prompts given.
man/ sentence / 15 years / prison / he prove / guilty
the man will get a sentence for himself to 15 years in prison if he proves himself guilty.
the man was sentenced about 15 years in prison and proves himself guilty.
the man was sentenced to 15 years in prison because he had been proved guilty.
the man should make his final sentence after 15 years in prison as he proved himself guilty
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main street in each of following question.
conservationist
prohibition
deforestation
disappointed
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main street in each of following question.
approximate
congratulate
psychological
biography
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
George Stephenson , an English engineer , to haul coal from mines.
traveling engine that he constructed
constructed a traveling engine
which was constructed in a traveling engine
he was constructed in a traveling engine
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
, they continue to overeat and to eat the wrong food
Many overweight people realizing that they are threatening their health
Because of the fact that many overweight people are threatening their health
However many overweight people realize that they are threatening their health
even though many overweight people realize that they are threatening their health
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
We can determine the family that a bird falls in to by like.
what the shape and behaviour of a bird are
what the bird’s shape and behaviour
the shape and behaviour of a bird
what are the shape and behaviour of a bird
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
if you want to travel in July,
Your ticket will be advanced buying well in advance
I’ll advise buy your ticket well in advance
I’ll advise you buying your ticket well in advance
I’ll advise buying your ticket well in advance
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
, the Emperor Justinian had overseen the building of more than a thousand churches and monuments in Constantinople
By the time of his death in A.D.565
Being the time of death in A.D.565
Throughout the time of his death in A.D.565
The time of his death in A.D.565
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
The fourth year sociology class was a homogeneous group of university students
unrelated
uniform
distinguishable
dreary
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
He decided not to buy the fake watch and wait until he had more money.
genuine
counterfeit
cheap
unattractive
Make the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
I only have time to tell you the main idea of it , not the details.
fist
gist
twist
list
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
The word ”agents” is closest in meaning to
examples
causes
areas
dangers
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
he fact that the “land is largely the site of erosion” is significant because
erosion is less destructive than sedimentation
fossils are most common in areas subject to erosion
erosion contributes to the destruction of skeletal remains
few organisms live in areas that experience extensive erosion
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
he best fossils are those
consist of Calcite and aragonite
from hard parts of animals or plants
still in the shape of the original animal or plant
animals or plants common for fossilization
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
The word “aided ” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
counted
reformed
reversed
helped
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
Why does the author mention “aragonite” in the last line?
To argue that certain fossils are more informative than other
To explain why fossils are rare
To illustrate the kinds of inorganic hard parts that can form fossils
To compare aragonite fossils and calcite fossils.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
It can be inferred that flood plains, deltas, and stream channels are similar in which of the following ways?
Rapid sedimentation in such locations makes it difficult to locate fossils.
Such locations are likely to rich sources of fossils.
Fossilized human remains are only rarely found in such locations
Animals rather than plants have been preserved at such locations.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
What is the author’s main point in paragraph 3?
Weathering makes it impossible to identify many fossils
Many fossils have been buried forever under the soil.
Fossils provide a limited sample of ancient organisms
It is easier to find the remains of plants than animals
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
Why are marine organisms good candidates for fossilization?
It take longer for them to be preserved
They have more fleshy structures than land organisms
The water environment speeds the decay caused by bacteria
It is likely that they will be buried rapidly
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
According to the passage, an organisms without hard body parts
is not heavy enough to sink below the surface
is not attractive to predators
is not likely to appear in the fossil record
takes a long time to decay
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answers sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Generally, in order to be preserved in the fossil record, organisms must possess hard body parts such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators or decayed by bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for any length of time will be destroyed, therefore, organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected against agents of weathering and erosion. Marine organisms thus are better candidates for fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typical the site of sedimentation, whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans, Ancient swaps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of the swaps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly aided in the preservation of plants and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the water.
Only a small traction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally, the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For the most part of, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because otherwise soil and water would soon became depleted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the fossils exposed on Earth’s surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This make for an incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species. The best fossils are those composed of that form the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
According to the passage, why were the remains of organisms trapped in swamps better preserved for the fossil record than those that were not?
The swamp environment reduced the amount of bacterial decay
Swamp waters contained higher amounts of materials such as calcium carbonate.
There were fewer sediments in swamps than in other bodies of water
Swamp vegetation accelerated the decomposition of organisms
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
We(A) really enjoyed the (B) children’s (C) imaginative and (D) excited play last Saturday.
really
children's
imaginative
excited play
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
(A) Believed that Jack (B) had got home (C) safely , we felt (D) relieved
Believed
had got
safely
relieved
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
The need (A) for (B) a well rounded education was an idea (C) espoused by the Greeks (D) in time of Socrates
for
a well rounded education
espoused
in time of
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
Those (A) who have never been (B ) abroad (C) is eager to see how (D) different the other cultures are
who have
abroad
is eager
different
Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.
With its (A)strong claws (B) and its many (C) protruding tooth a gopher(D) is an excellent digger
With
strong claws
protruding tooth
is
