Bộ 20 đề luyện thi Chuyên Anh năm 2023 có đáp án (Đề 81)

 Read the following passage adapted from an article on environment, Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009 and choose the correct word for each of the blanks

Greenpeace, international environmental organization (1)______ to preserving the earth's natural resources and its diverse plant and animal life. The organization campaigns (2) ______ nuclear weapons testing, environmental pollution, and destructive practices in fishing, logging, and other industries. Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1971 by members of the Don't Make a Wave Committee, a small group (3) _____ to nuclear weapons testing by the United States military in Alaska. The group renamed itself Greenpeace to reflect the broader goal of creating a green and peaceful world. Greenpeace won fame for its (4)________ exploits calculated to attract media attention to environmental issues. Greenpeace members in rubber rafts have (5) _______ whaling expeditions by positioning themselves between the whales and hunters' harpoons. They used similar tactics in Newfoundland and Labrador to protest the clubbing of baby harp seals, (6)_______ soft white fur is highly valued by clothing manufacturers. The organization is well known for scaling corporate skyscrapers and factory smokestacks to hang protest banners. Greenpeace's aggressive style has often led to (7)_________ with corporations, local authorities, and even national governments. In 1985 the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior, on a (8) _______ to protest French nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific, sank in a New Zealand port, and the crew photographer, Fernando Pereira, drowned. Investigations revealed that the ship had been deliberately sabotaged (damaged) with explosives planted by (9)________ agents of the French military. The resulting scandal rocked the highest levels of the French government, leading to the resignation of Defense Minister Charles Hernu and the dismissal of Admiral Pierre Lacoste, director of the French Secret Service. During the 1990s Greenpeace has been troubled by internal disagreements over political strategy. Some members want to persist with a militant approach, emphasizing civil disobedience and physical confrontation. Other members, including the organization's leaders, are convinced that Greenpeace must work cooperatively with the companies and industries that have been its targets in the past. Greenpeace has about 3 million dues-paying members and offices in more than 40 countries. Its international (10) ________ are in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Greenpeace, international environmental organization (1)______ to preserving the earth's natural resources and its diverse plant and animal life.

The organization campaigns (2) ______ nuclear weapons testing, environmental pollution, and destructive practices in fishing, logging, and other industries.

Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1971 by members of the Don't Make a Wave Committee, a small group (3) _____ to nuclear weapons testing by the United States military in Alaska.

Greenpeace won fame for its (4)________ exploits calculated to attract media attention to environmental issues.

Greenpeace members in rubber rafts have (5) _______ whaling expeditions by positioning themselves between the whales and hunters' harpoons.

They used similar tactics in Newfoundland and Labrador to protest the clubbing of baby harp seals, (6)_______ soft white fur is highly valued by clothing manufacturers.

Greenpeace's aggressive style has often led to (7)_________ with corporations, local authorities, and even national governments.

In 1985 the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior, on a (8) _______ to protest French nuclear weapons testing in the Pacific, sank in a New Zealand port, and the crew photographer, Fernando Pereira, drowned

Investigations revealed that the ship had been deliberately sabotaged (damaged) with explosives planted by (9)________ agents of the French military.

Its international (10) ________ are in Amsterdam, Netherlands

Choose the word/phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.

The cotton gin was commonplace on many nineteenth century farms.

In the field of artificial intelligence, scientists study methods for developing computer programs that display aspects of intelligent behavior.

She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.

Choose the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Doctors have been criticized for their indiscriminate use of antibiotics.

Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.

Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

When he called to tell me that he was studying, I didn't believe him because I could hear the noise of a party in the background.

I feel completely exhausted when I've listened to Marion for half-an-hour.

It was not until after I had got home that I realized I had not set the burglar alarm in the office.

My father couldn’t stand Tom’s behavior.

The word "indulge" in this case is closest in meaning to "____".

Nobody at all came to the meeting

Despite his early retirement, he found no peace in life.

This question is even harder than the last one.

It's a shame we didn't apologise to Mary for all that mess.

"Don't cry honey, I'll help you to find your mummy" - a shop assistant said to the little girl.

Choose the underlined part that needs correction

In (A) just three months H.G. Wells (B) wrote the famous classic The Time Machine for (C) what he won (D) a   Newberry Caldecot award.

Food prices have (A) raised(B) so rapidly in the past few months (C) that some families have been (D) forced to alter their eating habits.

So far this term, (A) the students in the writing class (B) have learned how (C) to write thesis statements, organize their material, and (D) summarizing their conclutions.

The disciplinary (A) committee recommended that (B) the manager (C) was dismissed (D) from service.

At least (A) three-quarters of that book on (B) famous Americans (C) are about people who (D) lived in the nineteenth century.

Read the following extract from Jess McElhinney's article on health issues and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

In a study of aspirin's effect on blood clotting in which abstinence from chocolate was required, a large proportion of participants broke the rules. Their "offence" led to what is believed to be the first biochemical evidence that a few squares of chocolate a day can almost halve the risk of heart attack death by decreasing the tendency of tiny particles (or platelets) to clot in narrow blood vessels. "What these chocolate offenders taught us is that the chemical in cocoa beans has a biochemical effect similar to aspirin in reducing platelet clumping, which can be fatal if a clot forms and blocks a blood vessel, causing a heart attack," said Diane Becker from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland, USA, who led the study. Becker cautions that this discovery should not become an excuse to indulge in large amounts of chocolate frequently, since chocolate also contains high amounts of sugar, butter and cream. However just a few squares of dark chocolate the purest form may be just what the doctor ordered. For almost 20 years researchers have known that chemicals, called flavonoids, most common in dark chocolate, help blood flow and lower blood pressure. This new finding, presented at the American Heart Association's annual scientific sessions in Chicago this week, identifies the effect of everyday doses of chocolate found in regular foods such as hot chocolate or chocolate bars. This differs from previous studies which have examined the effects of eating unrealistic doses of flavonoids, equivalent to several pounds of chocolate a day. "Eating a little bit of chocolate or having a drink of hot cocoa as part of a regular diet is probably good for personal health, so long as people don't eat too much of it, and too much of the kind with lots of butter and sugar," said Becker. In the study, 139 chocolate offenders were disqualified from a larger experiment which aimed to examine the effects of aspirin on blood clotting. Before the study began, all participants were instructed to follow a strict exercise and diet regimen and to refrain from smoking or using foods and drinks known to affect blood-clotting activity, like caffeinated drinks, wine, grapefruit juice and, of course, chocolate. Platelet samples from both groups (offenders and non-offenders) were run through a mechanical blood vessel system designed to time how long it takes for platelets to clump together. Chocolate lovers' samples were found to clot more slowly, on average taking 130 seconds to block the system. Platelets from those who stayed away from chocolate clotted faster, taking an average of 123 seconds. 

According to the findings, what helps lower blood pressure?

The word "offenders" in paragraph 3 refers to the ____.

What has been found about the relation between aspirin and the chemical in cocoa beans?

The kind of chocolate that can help the heart is identified as _____ chocolate.

How does chocolate help the heart and the vascular system?

Too much of chocolate ____ is not very good for health.

The word "abstinence" can be interpreted as ______.

An experiment has found out that the forming of blood clots is ____ in chocolate lovers.

Cultures vary from country to country.

The article has probably taken from ____.

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Only in the Civil War____________ killed or wounded.

Frankly, I'd rather you _______ anything about it for the time being.

I was angry when you saw me because I ______ with my sister.

The book would have been perfect ________ the ending.

I'm __________ my brother is.

_____ I'd like to help you out, I'm afraid I just haven't got any spare money at the moment.

Hardly ________ of the paintings at the gallery were for sale

Jane's very modest, always ________ her success.

I feel __ to inform the committee that a number of members are very unhappy with the decision.

Check the bottles carefully to make sure they have not been _______

All things_________, he is the best president we are likely to get.

George: “In my opinion, action films are exciting.” Frankie: “______”

Peter: “I’ve been awarded a scholarship to study in America.”            Kate: “Uh, really? __________!”

Tom:" Would you take this along to the office for me?"   - Jerry:"_________"

Mother: "Gloria, I'd rather you ___________home so late."

You are 27 years old so it's high time you ______ responsibility for your deeds.

Suppose he _________you stealing, what would you do?

I used a calculator so it's impossible I made a mistake with the bill. I ___a mistake with the bill because I used a calculator

The school Principal suggested that he __________a scholarship.

The portrait__________ by an Italian.

If you want the day off, you’ll have to find someone ________ you.

I bought a __________ bag at the market yesterday.

I ran _____ some old records while I was tidying the attic.

You should never spend all the money you earn, but always _____________a rainy day

____________, I decided to go in, which turned out to be a mistake.

Read the following passage adapted from MS Encarta 2008 and choose the correct answer to each of the questions that follow.

The work of women has been economically vital since prehistory, although their contributions have varied according to the structure, needs, customs, and attitudes of society. In prehistoric times, women and men participated almost equally in hunting and gathering activities to obtain food. With the development of agricultural communities, women's work revolved more around the home. As urban centres developed, women sold or traded goods in the marketplace.                                                                                                              From ancient to modern times, four generalizations can be made about women's paid work. (1) Women have worked because of economic necessity; poor women in particular worked outside the home whether they were unmarried or married, and especially if their husbands were unable to sustain the family solely through their own work. (2) Women's indentured work has often been similar to their work at home. (3) Women have maintained the primary responsibility for raising children, regardless of their paid work. (4) Women have historically been paid less than men and have been allocated lower-status work. Some major changes are now occurring in industrial nations, including the steadily increasing proportion of women in the labour force; decreasing family responsibilities (due to both smaller family size and technological innovation in the home); higher levels of education for women; and more middle and upper-income women working for pay or for job satisfaction. Statistically, they have not yet achieved parity of pay or senior appointments in the workplace in any nation Artisans working in their own homes not infrequently used the labour of their families. This custom was so prevalent during the Middle Ages, craft guilds of the period, including some that otherwise excluded women, often admitted to membership the widows of guild members, providing they met professional requirements. Dressmaking and lacemaking guilds were composed exclusively of women.        Gradually, the guilds were replaced by the putting-out system, whereby tools and materials were distributed to workers by merchants; the workers then produced articles on a piecework basis in their homes. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, as the Industrial Revolution developed, the putting-out system slowly declined. Goods that had been produced by hand in the home were manufactured by machine under the factory system. Women competed more with men for some jobs, but were concentrated primarily in textile mills and clothing factories. Manufacturers often favoured women employees because of relevant skills and lower wages, and also because early trade union organization tended to occur first among men. Employees in sweatshops were also preponderantly women. The result was to institutionalize systems of low pay, poor working conditions, long hours, and other abuses, which along with child labour presented some of the worst examples of worker exploitation in early industrial capitalism. Minimum wage legislation and other protective laws, when introduced, concentrated particularly on the alleviation of these abuses of working women. Women workers in business and the professions, the so-called white-collar occupations, suffered less from poor conditions of work and exploitative labour, but were denied equality of pay and opportunity. The growing use of the typewriter and the telephone after the 1870s created two new employment niches for women, as typists and telephonists, but in both fields the result was again to institutionalize a permanent category of low-paid, low-status women's work. 

When the farming communities developed, women worked __

With the development of urban centres, women ____.

The word "indentured" in this context may mostly means

With better education and less family burden, women ____.

Although women cannot avoid the task of bringing up children, _

The word "sweatshops" suggests ____.

Under the "putting-out system", the workers ____.

Manufacturers tended to employ women because _

During the time of Industrial Revolution, women were dominant in ___.

What women have done for the economic development have changed over time due to ____.