15000 bài tập tách từ đề thi thử môn Tiếng Anh có đáp án (Phần 70)

Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question from 18 to 25.

The principle of use and disuse states that those parts of organisms’ bodies that are used grown larger. Those parts that are not tend to wither away. It is an observed fact that when you exercise particular muscles, they grow. Those that are never used dimish. By examining a man’s body, we can tell which muscles he uses and which he doesn’t. We may even be able to guess his profession or his reaction. Enthusiasts of the “body-building” cult make use of the principle of use and disuse to “build” their bodies, almost like a piece of sculpture, into whatever unnatural shape is demanded by fashion in this peculiar minority culture. Muscles are not the only parts of the body that respond to use in this kind of way. Walk barefoot and you acquire harder skin on your soles. It is easy to tell a famer from a bank teller by looking at their hands alone. The famer’s hands are horny, hardened by long exposure to rough work. The teller’s hands are relatively soft.

The principle of use and disuse enables animals to become better at the job of surviving in their world, progressively better during their lifetime as result of living in that world. Humans, through direct exposure to sunlight, or lack of it, develop a skin color which equips them better to survive in the particular local conditions.

Too much sunlight is dangerous. Enthusiastic sunbathers with very fair skins are susceptible to skin cancer. Too little sunlight, on the other hand, leads to vitamin-D deficiency and rickets. The brown pigment melanin which is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, makes a screen to protect the underlying tissues from the harmful effects of further sunlight. If a suntanned person moves to a less sunny climate, the melanin disappears, and the body is able to benefit from what little sun there is. This can be represented as an instance of the principle of use and disuse: skin goes brown when it is “used”, and fades to white when it is not.

1. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What does the passage mainly discuss?

How the principles of use and disuse change people’s concepts of themselves.

The changes that occur according to the principle of use and disuse.

The way in which people change themselves to conform to fashion.

The effects of the sun on the principle of use and disuse.

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2. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The phrase “wither away” in bold is closest in meaning to________.

split

rot

perish

shrink

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3. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “Those” in bold refers to________.

organisms

bodies

parts

muscles

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4. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, men who body build________

appear like sculptures

change their appearance

belong to strange cults

are very fashionable

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5. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

From the passage, it can be inferred that author views body building________.

with enthusiasm

as an artistic from

with scientific interest

of doubtful benefic

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6. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of use and disuse enables organisms to________.

change their existence

automatically benefit

survive in any condition

improve their lifetime

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7. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The author suggests that melanin________.

is necessary for the production of vitamin D

is beneficial in sunless climates

helps protect fair-skinned people

is a synthetic product

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8. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

In the second paragraph, the author mentions sun tanning as an example of________.

humans improving their local condition

humans surviving in adverse conditions

humans using the principle of use and disuse

humans running the risk of skin cancer.

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

ENGLISH SEVENTH MEETING “SAN ANDREAS FAULT”

The San Andreas Fault line is a fracture at the congruence of two major plates of the Earth’s crust, one of which support most of the North American continent, and the other of which underlies the coast of California and part of the ocean floor or the Pacific Ocean. The fault originates about six hundred miles south of the Gulf of California, runs north in an irregular line along the western coast to San Francisco, and continues north for about two hundred more miles before angling off into the ocean. In places, the trace of the fault is marked by a trench, or, in geological terms, a rift, and a small ponds dot the landscape. Its western side always move north in relation to its eastern side. The total net slip along the San Andreas Fault and the length of time it has active are matters of conjecture, but it has been estimated that, during the past fifteen million years, coastal California along the San Andreas Fault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly direction with respect to the North American plate. Although the movement along the fault averages only a few inches a year, it is intermittent and variable. Some segments of the fault do not have move at all for long periods of time, building up tremendous pressure that must be released. For this reason, tremors are not unusual along the San Andreas Fault, some of which are classified as major earthquakes. Also for this reason, small tremors are interpreted as safe, since they are understood to be pressure that releases without causing much damage.

It is worth nothing that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortable close to several major metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles and San Francisco, in addition, the San Andreas Fault has created smaller fault systems, many of which underlie the smaller towns and cities along the California coast. For this reason, Californians have long anticipated the recurrence of what they refer to as “the Big One”, a chain reaction of destructive earthquakes that would measure near 8 on the Richter scale, similar in intensity to those that occurred in 1857 and 1906. Such a quake world wreak devastating effects on the life and property in the region. Unfortunately, as pressure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an earthquake increases substantially.

9. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

To describe the San Andreas Fault.

To give a definition of a fault.

To explain the reason for tremors and earthquakes.

To classify different kinds of faults.

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10. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

How does the author define the San Andreas Fault?

A plate that underlies the North American continent.

A crack in the Earth’s crust between two plates.

Occasional tremors and earthquakes.

Intense pressure that builds up.

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11. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word originates in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by________.

gets wider

changes direction

begins

disappears

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12. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

In which direction does the western side of the fault move?

West

East

North

South

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13. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word its in the paragraph 1 refer to ________.

San Francisco

ocean

coast

fault

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14. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Along the San Andreas Fault, tremors are________.

small and insignificant

rare, but disastrous

frequent events

very unpredictable

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15. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The phrase “the Big One” refers to which of the following?

A serious earthquake

The San Andreas Fault

The river scale

California

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book "The Natural History of Selboure" (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover's nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nest if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five - never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of banks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species - as in the case of the eggs - or survival as individuals - as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations of from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can "count" only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small - not more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to "count" one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The object, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals' admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.

16. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word "they" refer to ________.

numbers

animals

achievements

genes

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17. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of animals' intuitive awareness of quantities?

When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.

A lion follows one antelope instead of the herd of antelopes because it is easier to hunt a single prey.

When one of its four kittens crawls away, a mother cat misses it and searches for the kitten.

A pigeon is more attracted by a box containing two pieces of food than by a box containing one piece.

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18. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word "surreptitiously" is closest in meaning to ________.

stubbornly

secretly

quickly

occasionally

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19. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the main idea of this passage?

Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.

Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involving numbers.

Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count.

Animals cannot "count" more than one kind of object.

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20. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Where in the passage does the author mention research that support his own view of animals' inability to count?

Line 2-4

Line 8-9

Line 10-11

Line 17-18

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21. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Why does the author refer to Gilbert White's book in line 2?

To contradict the idea that animals can count.

To provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities.

To show how attitudes have changed since 1786.

To indicate that more research is needed in this field.

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22. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some ways EXCEPT ________.

caterpillars

mice

plovers

wasps

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

American music, in most of its various forms, can be traced back to the music of the earliest African-Americans. Even though these Americans came here under the worst of circumstances, they still brought with them traditions, and developed new traditions of their own, that have grown into what is recognized around the world today as American music.

Musicians, like other artists, are usually quick to give credit where credit is due. Just as a writer quotes his sources, a musician credits those musicians who inspired him. In the case of the early African-Americans, that is not always easy. Many of the slaves who brought musical traditions from Africa will never be known by name. No one wrote their history. Many of the slaves who sang work songs in the fields will never be known by name. No one wrote their history either.

However, there is a lot that we do know.

The first well-recognized form of African-American music was spirituals. Spirituals are religious songs. They are songs that tell a story or express emotions. Spirituals have a strong rhythm. They are often sung by a group, sometimes with a leader who sings a line or two alone and a chorus that sings the refrain. Spirituals originated in the Southern United States. Spirituals sung by slaves often expressed the hope for freedom that was so important in their lives. Well know spirituals include "Go Down Moses", "Deep River" and "Swing Low Sweet Chariot".

After slavery ended, spirituals began to spread to other parts of the United States. Harry Thacker Burleigh was one of the first singers to perform spirituals on stage in a concert. Marian Anderson, well known for her classical singing, helped spirituals to gain a wider audience too. Spirituals influenced the development of another well-known form of American music - the blues.

The blues were a more individual style of music than spirituals. Blues were often sung solo, and sometimes they were accompanied by guitar music. As the name suggests, the blues were often about sadness and facing troubles. However, the blues could also be funny, positive, and even defiant. One blues singer, loved for her strong, beautiful voice, was Bessie Smith. Another early blues musician was W.C.Handy. Handy was not only a musician, he also wrote music, promoted concerts, and published blues songs.

During the time that the blues were spreading across the country, another style of music was also quickly gaining in popularity. Ragtime was energetic music with a complicated, syncopated beat. Often played on the piano, ragtime was the latest and most sophisticated in American popular music. The best-known ragtime musician was probably Scott Joplin, who wrote many hit ragtime pieces for the piano including "Maple Leaf Rag".

Eventually, elements from all of these forms of music and more came back together. In their own kind of melting pot, African rhythms, slave work songs, spirituals, blues, ragtime, and other influences recombined to form the beginnings of that truly American art form - jazz. In the late 1800's jazz was just beginning, but not long after the turn of the century, it would be the most popular American music. It would go on from there to worldwide popularity. Jazz would branch out into many forms, and it would influence future styles of American music.

Many musicians today credit earlier musicians such as Scott Joplin or Bessie Smith with inspiring their music. It's a shame that they can't also name the earliest African-Americans who really began the traditions that led to the American music of today.

23. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, who introduced the early form of American music?

American natives

Harry Thacker Burleigh

Slaves from Africa

People from the South of the United States.

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24. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Which type of music is often involved with piano accompaniment?

spirituals

ragtime

blues

jazz

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25. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is NOT true when talking about blues?

They could be amusing and optimistic.

A well-known blues musicians was Scott Joplin

They gained popularity near the time ragtime became popular.

They were a more individual style of music than spirituals.

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26. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

When did jazz become the most popular American music?

Sometime in the early 20^th century.

When elements from other American music combined.

After the hit "Maple Leaf Rag" was written.

In the late 1800s.

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27. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Scott Joplin and Bessie Smith were ________.

famous ragtime musicians

people who really began the American musical traditions

artists who inspired many musicians today

songwriters who wrote blues songs

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28. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the closet meaning to the word "chorus" used in the passage?

A group of singers that sing together.

The main part of a song.

An accompanying singer.

None of the above.

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29. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to ________.

today's musicians

Scott Joplin and Bessie Smith

the musicians' music

the names of the earliest African-American singers

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30. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the main idea of the passage?

Today's style of American music is mostly influenced by African-rooted songs.

It is hard to exactly recognize the people who started the American musical tradition.

Spirituals, blues and ragtime are the major components that formed jazz.

American's music history was built by several famous musicians.

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word,silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.

To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as “pleasant”, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.

Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

31. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The passage mainly discusses music that was ________.

performed before the showing of a film

played during silent films

recorded during film exhibitions

specifically composed for certain movie theaters

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32. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What can be inferred that the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?

They were truly “silent”.

They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.

They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices.

They corresponded to specific musical compositions.

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33. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred that orchestras conductors who worked in movie theaters needed to ________.

be able to play many instruments

have pleasant voices

be familiar with a wide variety of music

be able to compose original music

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34. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to ________

years

hands

pieces

films

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35. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company?

It produced electricity.

It distributed films.

It published musical arrangements.

It made musical instruments

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36. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared around ________.

1896

1909

1915

1927

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37. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early 1900’s?

“Calm, peaceful”

“Piano, violin”

“Key of C major”

“Directed by D.W. Griffith’s”

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38. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “scores” in paragraph 4 most likely means ________.

totals

successes

groups of musicians

musical compositions

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicat the correct answer to each of the following questions.

According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chaneces of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should rad and listen to safety instrucstion before take-off and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your blet operates. During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before take-off, you should locate the nearest exit and an alternative exit and count the row of seats beween you and the exits so that you can reach them in the dark if necessary. In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face whit napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully infated , and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and smoke near the wreckage.

39. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the main topic of the passage?

Procedures for evacuation aircraft.

Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival.

Airline industry accident statistics.

Safety instrucstions in air travel.

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40. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safety instruction ________.

if smoke is in the cabin

in an emergency

before locating the exits

before take-off

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41. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor ________.

especially during landings

throughout the flight.

only if an accident is possible

during take-offs and landings

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42. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before take-off?

The ones with counted rows of seats between them

The nearest one.

The two closest to the passenger’s seat

The ones that can be found in the dark

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43. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “them” in bold refers to ________.

seats

row

exits

feet

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44. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred from the passage that peole are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if they ________.

don’t smoke in or near a plance

read airline safety statistics

wear a safety belt

keep their heads low

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45. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Airline passengers are advised to do all of the following EXCEPT ________

ask questions about safety

locate the nearest exit

fasten their seat belts before take-off

carry personal belongings in an emergency

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46. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “inflated” in bold is closest in meaning to ________.

expanded

lifted

assembled

increased

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Fish that live on the sea bottom benefit by being flat and hugging the contours. There are two very differcent types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways. The skates ad rays, relatives of the rharks, have become flat in what might be called the obivious way. Their bodies have grown out sideways to form grat “wings”. They look as though they have been flattened but have remained symmetrical and “the right way up”. Conversely, fish such sas plaice, sole, and halibut have become flat in a different way. There are bony fish which have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction; they are much “taller” than they are wide. They use their whole, vertically flattened bodies as swimming surfaces, which undulat through the water as they move. Therefore, when their ancestors migrate to the seabed, they lay on one side than on their bellies. However, this raises the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless – In evolution this problem was soleved by the lower eye “moving” around the other side. We see this process off moving around enacted in the development of every young bony flatfish. It starts life swimming near the surface, and is symmetrical and vertically flattened, but then the skull starts to grow in a strange asymmetrical twisted fashion,, so that one eye, for instance the left, moves over the top of the head upwards, an old Picasso – like vision. Incidentally, some species of 20 flatfish settle on the right side, others on left, and others on either side.

47. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The passage is mainly concerned with ________.

symmetrical flatfish

bony flatfish

evolution of flatfish

different types of flatfish

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48. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The author mentions skates and rays as examples of fish that ________.

become asymmetrical

appear to fly

have spread hrizontally

resemble sharks

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49. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, fish such as plaice ________.

have difficulties in swimming

live near the surface

have distorted heads

have poor eyesight

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50. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “conversely” is closest in meaning to ________.

similarly

alternatively

inversely

contrarily

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51. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “this” refers to________

the migration of the ancestors

the practice of lying on one side

the problem of the one eye looking downwards

the difficulty of the only one eye being useful

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52. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, the ability of a bony flatfish to move its eyes around is ________.

average

weak

excellent

variable

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53. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred from the passage that the early life of a flatfish is ________.

often confusing

pretty normal

very difficult

full of danger

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly being developed. In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house was built on East Eighteenth Street. The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesant and designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economics and social potential of this Parisian housing form. But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited success. In spite of Hunt’s inviting façade, the living space was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to newly married couples and bachelors.

The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildings that quickly followed, in the 1870’s and early 1880’s was that they were confined to the typical New York building lot. That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep – a shape perfectly suited for a row house. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require. But even with th awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings, the idea caught on. It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row house.

So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions, apartment houses and hotels began to sprout in multiple lots, thus breaking the initial space constraints. In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses began dotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentieth century, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight confinement of row house building lots. From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable Fifth Avenue shopping area.

54. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The new housing form discussed in the passage refers to ________.

single-family homes

apartment buildings

row houses

hotels

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Đáp án B.

Đọc đoạn văn ta có thể dễ dàng nhận thấy tác giả chủ yếu đề cập tới hình thức nhà ở mới: đó là sự xuất hiện của những căn hộ cao cấp.

Do đó đáp án đúng là B. apartment buildings.

Dịch bài đọc

Vào cuối thế kỷ 19, một hình thức nhà ở mới đã âm thầm được phát triển. Năm 1869, Stuyvesant, được coi là căn hộ đầu tiên của New York, được xây dựng trên Phố East Eighteenth. Tòa nhà được tài trợ bởi nhà phát triển Rutherfurd Stuyvesant và được thiết kế bởi Richard Morris Hunt, kiến trúc sư người Mỹ đầu tiên tốt nghiệp trường École des Beaux Arts ở Paris. Mỗi người đều đã từng sống ở Paris và đều hiểu được tiềm năng kinh tế và xã hội của hình thức nhà ở Paris này. Nhưng Stuyvesant chỉ thành công ở mức hạn chế. Mặc dù mặt tiền hấp dẫn của Hunt, không gian sống được bố trí một cách vụng về. Những người đủ khả năng chi trả khá hài lòng khi ở trong những ngôi nhà gia đình đơn lẻ xa hoa hơn, để lại Stuyvesant cho các cặp đôi mới cưới và những người độc thân.

Vấn đề cơ bản của Stuyvesant và các tòa nhà chung cư đầu tiên khác ra đời sau đó vào những năm 1870 và đầu những năm 1880 là chúng bị giới hạn trong lô đất xây dựng điển hình của New York. Khu đất đó là một khu vực hình chữ nhật rộng 25 feet và sâu 100 feet – một hình dạng hoàn hảo cho một ngôi nhà liên kế. Khu đất cũng có thể chứa một khu nhà chung cư hình chữ nhật, mặc dù nó không thể tạo ra những căn phòng vuông vắn, đủ ánh sáng và được sắp xếp hợp lý mà các tòa nhà chung cư lớn yêu cầu. Nhưng ngay cả với cấu hình nội thất vụng về của các tòa nhà chung cư ban đầu, ý tưởng này vẫn được đón nhận. Nó đáp ứng nhu cầu của một bộ phận dân số đông đảo và ngày càng tăng, những người muốn có thứ gì đó tốt hơn khu nhà chung cư nhưng không đủ khả năng chi trả hoặc không muốn có nhà liên kế.

Vì vậy, trong khi giới lãnh đạo xã hội mới nổi của thành phố đưa vào sử dụng các dinh thự của họ, các căn hộ và khách sạn bắt đầu mọc lên trên nhiều lô đất, do đó phá vỡ những hạn chế về không gian ban đầu. Vào những thập kỷ cuối của thế kỷ XIX, những căn hộ lớn bắt đầu rải rác ở các khu vực phát triển của Thành phố New York, và đến những thập kỷ đầu của thế kỷ XX, các tòa nhà rộng rãi, chẳng hạn như Dakota và Ansonia cuối cùng đã vượt qua sự hạn chế chặt chẽ của các lô đất xây dựng nhà liên kế. Từ đó, chỉ cần một bước nhỏ để xây dựng những căn hộ sang trọng trên Đại lộ Park mới được xây dựng, ngay cạnh khu mua sắm thời thượng Fifth Avenue.

55. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “inviting” in bold is closet in meaning to ________ .

open

encouraging

attractive

asking

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56. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Why was the Stuyvesant a limited success?

The arrangement of the rooms was not convenient.

Most people could not afford to live there.

There were no shopping areas nearby.

It was in a crowded neighborhood.

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57. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred that the majority of people who lived in New York’s first apartments were

highly educated

unemployed

wealthy

young

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58. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

It can be inferred that a New York apartment building in the 1870’s and 1880’s had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ________ .

Its room arrangement was not logical.

It was rectangular.

It was spacious.

It had limited light.

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59. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “yield” in bold is closet in meaning to ________ .

harvest

surrender

amount

provide

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60. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

Why did the idea of living in an apartment become popular in the late 1800’s?

Large families needed housing with sufficient space.

Apartments were preferable to tenements and cheaper than row houses.

The city officials of New York wanted housing that was centrally located.

The shape of early apartments could accommodate a variety of interior designs.

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61. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The author mentions the Dakota and the Ansonia in bold because ________ .

they are examples of large, well-designed apartment buildings

their design is similar to that of row houses

they were built on a single building lot

they are famous hotels

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Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Avocates of organic foods – a term whose meaning varies greatly – frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious then others.

The growing interest of comsumers in the safety and more nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interst has been spraked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown food prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.

Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for “no-aging” diets, new vitamins, and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains an the like.

One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if the believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food and buy only expensive organic foods instead.

62. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “Advocates” is closet in meaning to which of the following?

Proponents

Merchants

Inspectors

Consumers

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63. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “others” refers to ________ .

advantages

advocates

organic foods

products

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64. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The “welcome development” is an increase in ________ .

interest in food safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet

the nutritional quality of the typical North American diet

the amount of healthy food grown in North America

the number of consumers in North America

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65. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true about the term “organic food”?

It is accepted by most nutritionists

It has been used only in recent years.

It has no fixed meaning.

It is seldom used by consumers.

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66. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods instead of conventionally grown food because ________ .

organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods

many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods

conventionally grown foods are more readily avaiable than organic foods

too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A.

Keywords: implies, cause for concern, limited incomes.

Câu hỏi: Tác giả ngụ ý là nếu những người tiêu dùng với thu nhập có hạn mua thực phẩm hữu cơ thay vì thực phẩm được trồng truyền thống thì nguyên nhân cần quan tâm là gì?

Clue: “So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food and buy only expensive organic foods instead”: Vì vậy sẽ là một mối bận tâm thực sự nếu các khách hàng, đặc biệt những người với thu nhập hạn chế, không tin tưởng thực phẩm thông thường mà thay vào đó chỉ mua thực phẩm hữu cơ đắt tiền.

Phân tích: Thức ăn hữu cơ đắt tiền hơn thức ăn thông thường, khi người tiêu dùng với thu nhập có hạn tiêu tốn nhiều hơn với loại thực phẩm này vì họ lầm tưởng thức ăn hữu cơ tốt hơn thì gây ra mối quan ngại. Do đó, chọn đáp án

A. organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods: thực phẩm hữu cơ có thể đắt tiền hơn nhưng thường không tốt hơn thực phẩm trồng truyền thống.

Các đáp án khác không có thông tin.

B. Many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods: rất nhiều thực phẩm hữu cơ thực tế ít dinh dưỡng hơn những thực phẩm được trồng truyền thống tương đương – Không có thông tin.

C. Conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods: thực phẩm được trồng truyền thống sẵn có hơn thực phẩm hữu cơ – Không có thông tin.

D. Too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops: quá nhiều nông dân sẽ ngừng sử dụng phương pháp trồng trọt truyền thống – Không có thông tin.

67. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally grown foods are often ________ .

careless

mistaken

thrifty

wealthy

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68. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the one thing in common that most organic food seem to have?

They cost more than conventionally grown food.

They are healthier than conventionally grown food.

They come from an unknown source.

They are home – made.

Xem đáp án

Đoạn văn

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident. The proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical; considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.

The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600’s, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The King’s 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.

In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violin’s internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.

69. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “standard” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.

practical

customary

possible

unusual

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70. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

“The King’s 24 Violins” is mentioned to illustrate ________.

the competition in the 1600’s French and Italian orchestras

how the violin became a renowned instrument

the superiority of French violins

why the violin was considered the only instrument suitable to be played by royalty

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71. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?

The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed musical instrument in the world.

The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions.

The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

The technique of playing the violin has remained essentially the same since the 1600’s.

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72. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.

Vivaldi and Tartini

internal structure and fingerboard

thinner strings and a higher string tension

small changes

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73. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage, early violins were different from modern violins in that early violins ________.

were heavier

produced softer tones

were easier to play

broke down more easily

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74. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

According to the passage which of the following contributes to a dull sound being produced by a violin?

A long fingerboard

A small body

High string tension

Thick strings

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75. Trắc nghiệm

• 1 điểm

All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modern violin music EXCEPT________.

use of rare wood for the fingerboard and neck

different ways to use the fingers to play very high notes

more complicated techniques for the left hand

minor alterations to the structure of the instrument

Xem đáp án

75 câu hỏi

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