1300+ câu trắc nghiệm Từ vựng học có đáp án - Phần 44

..................................... related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments people use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the meaning of the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that hangs from the waist

............................................. lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g.

................................................. may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking).

...................................................., some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t. With a few exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-, post-), place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather independent of the stem

.......................................... exist in language and are reproduced in speech as ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations are created in speech every time we need them.

................................ distinguishes between the three closely connected components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic sign, 2) the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e. the part or aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign refers

A compound is a unit of vocabulary which ........................................ more than one lexical stem. The resulting compound functions as a single item with specific meaning and grammar

A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because ..............................

A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as being the same as another thing for rhetorical effect. It may provide ................................... hidden similarities between two ideas. Where a simile compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile.

A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with.................. But unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme

A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and ............................................., cf. to hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep

A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds. Ablaut is a term defining .............................. of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress interjections

A suffix is a .......................... following the stem and forming a new derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. –en, –y, –less in hearten, hearty, heartless

A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound or free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means that ..................................................................................... forming words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free forms

According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixes. .................................................................................................................... into prefixes, suffixes and infixes

All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential concepts of meaning. The best known referential model of meaning is .................................

An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of speech it belongs. This holds true ...............................................................i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots capable of producing new words, usually are

An infix is .....................................................placed with in the word, like –n– in stand. The type is not productive

Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning. Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree, tiger) have no antonyms. Usually adjectives denoting qualities, verbs ............................. actions or state and abstract nouns have antonyms

Blending is also a new, trendy and ................................................which “blends”, i.e. joins fragments of two or more words to create a new form. The meaning is being retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are recognisable.

Clipping is .....................................in English language which “economises” words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:

Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau words” ..................... fragments of two or more words

Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. .......................... that neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor the new version provide for any objective criterion of similarity of meaning.

Derivational suffixes ................... of the original word: they may change the word class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs