Ta có: \[{a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3abc\]

\[ = {\left( {a + b} \right)^3} - 3ab\left( {a + b} \right) + {c^3} - 3abc\]

\[ = {\left( {a + b} \right)^3} + {c^3} - 3ab\left( {a + b} \right) - 3abc\]

\[ = {\left( {a + b} \right)^3} + {c^3} - 3ab\left( {a + b + c} \right)\]

\[ = \left( {a + b + c} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^2} - \left( {a + b} \right)c + {c^2}} \right] - 3ab\left( {a + b + c} \right)\]

\[ = \left( {a + b + c} \right)\left( {{a^2} + 2ab + {b^2} - ca - bc + {c^2} - 3ab} \right)\]

\[ = \left( {a + b + c} \right)\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} - ab - bc - ca} \right)\]

Mà theo bài, \[{a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} = 3abc\] nên \[{a^3} + {b^3} + {c^3} - 3abc = 0\]

Do đó \[\left[ \begin{array}{l}a + b + c = 0\\{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} - ab - bc - ca = 0\,\,\,\left( * \right)\end{array} \right.\]

Mặt khác \(2\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} - ab - bc - ca} \right) = 2{a^2} + 2{b^2} + 2{c^2} - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca\)

\( = {\left( {a - b} \right)^2} + {\left( {b - c} \right)^2} + {\left( {c - a} \right)^2}\)

Do đó \[{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} - ab - bc - ca = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {{{\left( {a - b} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {b - c} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {c - a} \right)}^2}} \right] \ge 0\] với mọi \(a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}\)

Nên để \[\left( * \right)\] xảy ra thì \[\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\left( {a - b} \right)^2} = 0\\{\left( {b - c} \right)^2} = 0\\{\left( {c - a} \right)^2} = 0\end{array} \right.\], hay \[\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a - b = 0\\b - c = 0\\c - a = 0\end{array} \right.\] tức \(a = b = c\).

⦁ Trường hợp 1: \[a + b + c = 0\]

Suy ra \(a + b = - c;\,\,b + c = - a & & ;\,\,c + a = - b\)

Khi đó \(A = \left( {1 + \frac{a}{b}} \right)\left( {1 + \frac{b}{c}} \right)\left( {1 + \frac{c}{a}} \right) = \frac{{a + b}}{b}.\frac{{b + c}}{c}.\frac{{c + a}}{a} = \frac{{ - c}}{b}.\frac{{ - a}}{c}.\frac{{ - b}}{a} = - 1.\)

⦁ Trường hợp 2: \(a = b = c\) thì ta được \(A = \left( {1 + \frac{a}{b}} \right)\left( {1 + \frac{b}{c}} \right)\left( {1 + \frac{c}{a}} \right) = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 8\).

Tổng số cạnh bên và cạnh đáy của một hình chóp tam giác đều là