Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất P = x^2 + 3y^2

Lời giải:

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + my = 3\\mx + y = 2m + 1\end{array} \right.\)

⇔\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + my = 3\\{m^2}x + my = 2{m^2} + m\end{array} \right.\)

⇔\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + my = 3\\\left( {{m^2} - 1} \right)x = 2{m^2} + m - 3\end{array} \right.\)

⇔\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x + my = 3\\x = \frac{{2{m^2} + m - 3}}{{{m^2} - 1}} = \frac{{\left( {2m + 3} \right)\left( {m - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {m - 1} \right)\left( {m + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{2m + 3}}{{m + 1}}\end{array} \right.\)

⇔\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}y = \frac{1}{{m + 1}}\\x = \frac{{2m + 3}}{{m + 1}}\end{array} \right.\)

Khi đó P = x² + 3y² =

\({\left( {\frac{{2m + 3}}{{m + 1}}} \right)^2} + 3.{\left( {\frac{1}{{m + 1}}} \right)^2} = 4 + \frac{4}{{m + 1}} + \frac{4}{{{{\left( {m + 1} \right)}^2}}} = {\left( {\frac{2}{{m + 1}} + 1} \right)^2} + 3 \ge 3\)

Vậy P_min = 3 khi m = -3