ReadthefollowingpassageandmarktheletterA,B,C,orD onyouranswersheettoindicatethecorrectanswertoeachofthe questions.

Forcenturies,timewasmeasuredbythepositionofthesunwiththeuseof sundials.Noonwasrecognizedwhenthesunwasthehighestinthesky,and citieswouldsettheirclockbythisapparentsolartime,eventhoughsomecities wouldoftenbeonaslightlydifferenttime.DaylightSavingTime(DST), sometimescalledsummertime,wasinstitutedtomakebetteruseofdaylight. Thus,clocksaresetforwardonehourinthespringtomoveanhourofdaylight fromthemorningtotheeveningandthensetbackonehourinthefalltoreturn to normal daylight.

BenjaminFranklinfirstconceivedtheideaofdaylightsavingduringhis tenure as an American delegate inParis in 1984 andwrote about it extensivelyin hisessay, "AnEconomicalProject." ItissaidthatFranklin awokeearly one morningandwassurprisedtoseethesunlightatsuchanhour.Alwaysthe economist,Franklinbelievedthepracticeofmovingthetimecouldsaveonthe use of candlelight, as candleswere expensive at the time.

InEngland,builderWilliamWillett(1857–1915)becameastrongsupporter forDaylightSavingTimeuponnoticingblindsofmanyhouseswereclosedon anearlysunnymorning.Willetbelievedeveryone,includinghimself,would appreciatelongerhoursoflightintheevenings.In1909,SirRobertPearce introducedabillintheHouseofCommonstomakeitobligatorytoadjustthe clocks.AbillwasdraftedandintroducedintoParliamentseveraltimesbutmet withgreatopposition,mostlyfromfarmers.Eventually,in1925,itwasdecided thatsummertimeshouldbeginonthedayfollowingthethirdSaturdayinApril and close after the first Saturday in October.

TheU.S.CongresspassedtheStandardTimeActof1918toestablishstandard timeandpreserveandsetDaylightSavingTimeacrossthecontinent.Thisact alsodevisedfivetimezonesthroughouttheUnitedStates:Eastern,Central, Mountain,Pacific,andAlaska.Thefirsttimezonewasseton"themean astronomicaltimeoftheseventy-fifthdegreeoflongitudewestfrom Greenwich" (England). In 1919, this act was repealed.

PresidentRooseveltestablishedyear-roundDaylightSavingTime(alsocalled War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state adopted its ownDST,whichprovedtobedisconcertingtotelevisionandradio broadcastingandtransportation.In1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsoncreatedthe DepartmentofTransportationandsignedtheUniformTimeAct.Asaresult, theDepartmentofTransportationwasgiventheresponsibilityforthetime laws.Duringtheoilembargoandenergycrisisofthe1970s,PresidentRichard NixonextendedDSTthroughtheDaylightSavingTimeEnergyActof1973to conserveenergyfurther.Thislawwasmodifiedin1986,andDaylightSaving TimewasresettobeginonthefirstSundayinApril(tospringahead)andend on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).

The word “obligatory” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to