SECTION III: READING

Part 1. Questions 56 – 65

Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question.

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made (56)_________ of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral (57)_________. When there is a language (58)_________, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions (59)_________ for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to (60)_________ to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language (61)_________ ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod (62)_________ approval, while shaking the head (63)_________ a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be (64)_________ in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. (65)_________ verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

The word “motto” is closest in meaning to _______. A. meaning B. belief C. value D. reference