Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Anumber of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The ﬁrst is the broad

area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication throughperformance. Aperson conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are ﬂowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and ﬁnally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, conﬁdence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reﬂect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may believe them.Here the participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reﬂect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication. Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-

image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is conﬁdent, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconﬁdent front. How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

Question 37: What does the author mean by stating that, “At interpersonal levels, tone may reﬂect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen”?

the correct answer to each of the following questions. Your father is very