Read the following passage about sustainable tourism and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 13 to 20.

Sustainable tourism aims to minimize the negative impacts of travel while maximizing benefits for local communities, cultures, and environments. Unlike mass tourism, which often prioritizes volume and profit, sustainable practices focus on long-term well-being. This approach recognizes that natural landscapes, cultural heritage, and local economies are valuable assets that need protection. Key principles include conserving resources, supporting local businesses, respecting local customs, and ensuring that tourism contributes positively to the destinations visited, such as fragile ecosystems or historical sites.

The benefits of adopting sustainable tourism are significant. Environmentally, it helps protect biodiversity and reduce pollution and waste generated by tourist activities. Economically, it ensures that revenue stays within the local community, supporting small enterprises and creating fair employment opportunities. Its focus on authentic cultural experiences also helps preserve local traditions and crafts, offering visitors deeper, more meaningful interactions. This approach fosters mutual respect between hosts and guests, enhancing the overall travel experience for everyone involved and promoting cross-cultural understanding.

However, implementing truly sustainable tourism faces several challenges. Balancing economic development with conservation requires careful planning and regulation, which can be difficult to enforce. “Greenwashing,” where businesses falsely market themselves as sustainable, can mislead consumers and undermine genuine efforts. Educating tourists about responsible behavior and managing visitor numbers to prevent damage in popular destinations like Machu Picchu remain ongoing struggles. Furthermore, the initial investment required for sustainable infrastructure can be prohibitive for smaller communities or businesses.

Despite these difficulties, the movement towards sustainable travel is growing. Consumers are increasingly aware of their impact and seeking more responsible options. Governments and international organizations are developing frameworks and certifications to guide the industry. Innovations in ecofriendly transport and accommodation are also emerging. Ultimately, achieving sustainability in tourism requires a collaborative effort from travelers, businesses, and policymakers to ensure that exploring our world does not come at the cost of damaging it for future generations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the be...