PASSAGE 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.

The Olympic Games have long been a symbol of unity, athleticism, and international cooperation. Dating back thousands of years, the history of the Olympic Games is as fascinating as it is inspiring. [I]

The roots of the Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC in Olympia, Greece. Initially established as a festival honoring Zeus, these athletic competitions were held every four years and featured participants from various Greek city-states. [II] The games included events like running, wrestling, boxing, and chariot racing, emphasizing physical prowess and skill. The Olympics not only showcased athletic talent but also served as a unifying event that fostered peace among rival city-states during its celebration.

As centuries passed, the Olympic Games evolved significantly. [III] However, in 393 AD Emperor Theodosius I banned pagan festivals including the Olympics as part of his effort to promote Christianity across his empire. This led to a decline in popularity until they faded into obscurity for over a millennium. [IV]

In 1896, French educator Pierre de Coubertin spearheaded efforts to revive the ancient tradition by establishing the International Olympic Committee (IOC). In the same year, the first modern Olympics took place in Athens with 13 nations participating in 43 events. This revival aimed not only to restore athletic competition but also to promote international unity through sportsmanship - principles that continue to define today’s games.

Since its revival in 1896, participation has expanded dramatically. The introduction of winter sports in 1924 allowed athletes from colder climates to compete alongside their summer counterparts. As countries worldwide began sending teams and athletes emerged on an international scale, barriers related to gender and race were gradually dismantled — culminating in significant milestones such as women competing for medals starting in 1900 and diverse representation becoming more prominent over time.

Today’s Olympic Games are celebrated globally but face challenges such as political controversies and concerns about doping among athletes. Despite these issues, they remain an enduring symbol of resilience and unity among nations — a platform where athletes can showcase their talents while inspiring hope across borders during times of uncertainty.

From their ancient beginnings rooted deeply within Greek culture to their current status as one of humanity’s most beloved sporting events; understanding the history behind the Olympic Games helps people appreciate both its past achievements and future potential.

(Adapted from https://www.simpli.com/world-events/unveiling-ancient-origins-comprehensive-history-olympic-games)

PART III. WORD FORMATION (1 point)Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in capi...