p(1)=1 và p(1/x)=1/x^2.p(x)
Lời giải:
\[P\left( {\frac{3}{7}} \right) = P\left( {\frac{1}{7} + \frac{2}{7}} \right) = P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) + P\left( {\frac{2}{7}} \right) = P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) + P\left( {\frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{7}} \right) = P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) + P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) + P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) = 3P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right)\]
Lại có:
\(P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{7^2}}}.P\left( 7 \right) = \frac{1}{{49}}.P\left( {3 + 4} \right) = \frac{1}{{49}}.\left[ {P\left( 3 \right) + P\left( 4 \right)} \right]\)
P(3) = P(1 + 2) = P(1) + P(2) = P(1) + P(1 + 1) = 3P(1) = 3
P(4) = 4P(1) = 4
Suy ra: \(P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) = \frac{1}{{49}}.\left[ {3 + 4} \right] = \frac{1}{7}\)
Vậy \(P\left( {\frac{3}{7}} \right) = 3P\left( {\frac{1}{7}} \right) = \frac{3}{7}\)