Reading comprehension 2: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C, or D to answer each question from 641 to 645.

Data privacy means ensuring that our personal information is kept safe and used responsibly by others. In today’s digital world, where information spreads easily, it’s more important than ever to protect our personal data. This highlights the importance of privacy laws.

Laws about data privacy vary globally. For example, in Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants individuals rights such as accessing their data, asking for it to be deleted, and knowing how it’s used. Similarly, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides specific rights about personal information to people in California. Knowing these laws helps people understand their rights and what companies must do to keep their data safe. When using websites or apps, it’s essential to read their privacy policies. Emily Davis, a cybersecurity expert, stresses, “Reading and understanding privacy policies allows individuals to make informed decisions about sharing their personal information.”

To boost your online safety, experts suggest using strong, unique passwords for each account and not reusing them. Enabling two-factor authentication when possible adds an extra layer of security. Equally important, be careful with emails, texts, or calls asking for personal information or money. Scammers often pretend to be real organizations. Always check before giving out personal details or clicking on links from unknown sources. Keep your devices updated with the latest software and security patches to protect against cyber threats. Using trusted antivirus software can also lower the risk of attacks. Privacy advocate Michelle Carter advises, “Being mindful of data sharing and regularly reviewing app permissions helps minimize unnecessary exposure of personal information.”

Understanding your rights and taking steps to protect your personal information online are essential in today’s interconnected world. By learning about privacy laws, being careful about sharing information, and using strong security measures, you can control your digital presence and keep your privacy safe. Remember, protecting personal data is something we all need to do together to create a safer and more respectful online environment.

Đọc tư liệu dưới đây và trả lời các câu hỏi từ 415 đến 417.“Sau khi thực dân Pháp và Chính phủ Trung...