Hướng dẫn giải:

a) 34,9 – 31,5 + 58,8 – 55,4

= (34,9 – 31,5) + (58,8 – 55,4)

= 3,4 + 3,4

= 6,8

b) \[\frac{{ - 3}}{{31}} - \frac{6}{{17}} - \frac{{ - 1}}{{25}} + \frac{{ - 28}}{{31}} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{17}} - \frac{1}{5}\]

\[ = \frac{{ - 3}}{{31}} + \frac{{ - 28}}{{31}} - \frac{6}{{17}} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{17}} - \frac{{ - 1}}{{25}} - \frac{1}{5}\]

\[ = \left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{{31}} + \frac{{ - 28}}{{31}}} \right) + \left( { - \frac{6}{{17}} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{17}}} \right) + \left( { - \frac{{ - 1}}{{25}} - \frac{1}{5}} \right)\]

\[ = \frac{{\left( { - 3} \right) + \left( { - 28} \right)}}{{31}} + \frac{{\left( { - 6} \right) + \left( { - 11} \right)}}{{17}} + \left( {\frac{1}{{25}} - \frac{5}{{25}}} \right)\]

\[ = \frac{{ - 31}}{{31}} + \frac{{ - 17}}{{17}} + \frac{{1 - 5}}{{25}}\]

\( = \left( { - 1} \right) + \left( { - 1} \right) + \frac{{ - 4}}{{25}}\)

\( = - 2 + \frac{{ - 4}}{{25}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 50}}{{25}} + \frac{{ - 4}}{{25}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 50 + \left( { - 4} \right)}}{{25}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 54}}{{25}}.\)

c) \[2\frac{2}{9}:1\frac{1}{9} - \frac{{46}}{5}:4\frac{3}{5}\]

\[ = \frac{{20}}{9}:\frac{{10}}{9} - \frac{{46}}{5}:\frac{{23}}{5}\]

\[ = \frac{{20}}{9}.\frac{9}{{10}} - \frac{{46}}{5}.\frac{5}{{23}}\]

\( = \frac{{20.9}}{{9.10}} - \frac{{46.5}}{{5.23}}\)

= 2 – 2

= 0

d) \[\left( {4 - \frac{{12}}{{10}}} \right):2 + 30\% \]

\[ = \left( {4 - \frac{6}{5}} \right):2 + \frac{{30}}{{100}}\]

\( = \left( {\frac{{20}}{5} - \frac{6}{5}} \right):2 + \frac{3}{{10}}\)

\( = \frac{{14}}{5}.\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{{10}}\)

\( = \frac{{14}}{{10}} + \frac{3}{{10}}\)

\( = \frac{{17}}{{10}}\).

Cho hình vẽ biết CD = DE = 2 cm. Khi đó: