Cho hai biểu thức P = 2023/2024 + 2024/2025 + 2025/2026 + 2026/2023 và Q = 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + . . . + 1/31 . So sánh P và Q .

Ta có \(P = \frac{{2023}}{{2024}} + \frac{{2024}}{{2025}} + \frac{{2025}}{{2026}} + \frac{{2026}}{{2023}}\)

\( = \left( {1 - \frac{1}{{2024}}} \right) + \left( {1 - \frac{1}{{2025}}} \right) + \left( {1 - \frac{1}{{2026}}} \right) + \left( {1 + \frac{3}{{2023}}} \right)\)

\[ = 4 + \frac{3}{{2023}} - \left( {\frac{1}{{2024}} + \frac{1}{{2025}} + \frac{1}{{2026}}} \right)\].

Vì \(\frac{1}{{2024}} < \frac{1}{{2023}};\,\,\frac{1}{{2025}} < \frac{1}{{2023}};\,\,\frac{1}{{2026}} < \frac{1}{{2023}}\) nên \[\frac{3}{{2023}} - \left( {\frac{1}{{2024}} + \frac{1}{{2025}} + \frac{1}{{2026}}} \right) > 0\]

Do đó \(P > 4\)

Ta có \[Q = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4} + ... + \frac{1}{{31}} = \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{7}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{8} + ... + \frac{1}{{15}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{16}} + ... + \frac{1}{{31}}} \right)\]

\[ < \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{8} + ... + \frac{1}{8}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{16}} + ... + \frac{1}{{16}}} \right)\]

\[ < \left( {\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{4} \cdot 4} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{8} \cdot 8} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{16}} \cdot 16} \right)\]

\[ < 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4.\]

Do đó \(Q < 4.\)

Như vậy \(P > 4 > Q.\)

Vậy \(P > Q.\)