Cho ba số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn \({a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0\).

\[\frac{{{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2}}}{{{a^2} + {b^2}}} + \frac{{{c^2}}}{{{{(a + b - c)}^2}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {ab} }}{{a + b}} \ge 3\]\[ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{{c^2}}}{{{a^2} + {b^2}}} + \frac{{{c^2}}}{{{{(a + b - c)}^2}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {ab} }}{{a + b}} \ge 2\]

Đặt \[x = \frac{a}{c}\], \[y = \frac{b}{c}\] (x, y >0)

 \[{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0\]

\[ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} + {y^2} + 1 + xy - 2x - 2y = 0 \Leftrightarrow {(x + y - 1)^2} = xy\]

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si:  \[xy \le \frac{{{{(x + y)}^2}}}{4}\]

Do đó:

 \[{\left( {x + y - 1} \right)^2} \le \frac{{{{(x + y)}^2}}}{4} \Rightarrow \left[ {3\left( {x + y} \right) - 2} \right].\left[ {2 - \left( {x + y} \right)} \right] \ge 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{3} \le x + y \le 2\]

\[P = \frac{{{c^2}}}{{{a^2} + {b^2}}} + \frac{{{c^2}}}{{{{(a + b - c)}^2}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {ab} }}{{a + b}}\]

\[\begin{array}{l} = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + {y^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{{(x + y - 1)}^2}}} + \frac{{\sqrt {xy} }}{{x + y}} = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + {y^2}}} + \frac{1}{{xy}} + \frac{{\sqrt {xy} }}{{x + y}}\\ = \left( {\frac{1}{{{x^2} + {y^2}}} + \frac{1}{{2xy}}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{{2xy}} + \frac{{\sqrt {xy} }}{{x + y}}} \right) \ge \frac{4}{{{{(x + y)}^2}}} + 2\sqrt {\frac{1}{{2(x + y)\sqrt {xy} }}} \end{array}\]

\[P \ge \frac{4}{{{2^2}}} + 2\sqrt {\frac{1}{{2.2}}}  = 2\]

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x = y =1\[ \Leftrightarrow \]a = b = c.