B C^ 2 = A B 2 + A C 2 + 2 A B . A C . cos A .
a) \(B{C^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - 2AB.AC.\cos A\).
b) \(B{C^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - 2AB.AC.\cos A\)\( = 9 + 4 - 2.3.2\cos 60^\circ = 7 \Rightarrow BC = \sqrt 7 \).
c) Có \(\cos B = \frac{{A{B^2} + B{C^2} - A{C^2}}}{{2.AB.BC}} = \frac{{9 + 7 - 4}}{{2.3.\sqrt 7 }} = \frac{{2\sqrt 7 }}{7}\).
d) Với M tùy ý nằm giữa B và C, ta có:
\(A{M^2} = A{B^2} + B{M^2} - 2.AB.BM.\cos B = 9 + B{M^2} - 2.3.BM.\frac{{2\sqrt 7 }}{7}\)
\( = B{M^2} - \frac{{12\sqrt 7 }}{7}.BM + 9\)\( = {\left( {BM - \frac{{6\sqrt 7 }}{7}} \right)^2} + \frac{{189}}{{49}} \ge \frac{{189}}{{49}}\).
Suy ra \(A{M^2} \ge \frac{{189}}{{49}}\) \( \Rightarrow AM \ge \frac{{\sqrt {189} }}{7}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(BM - \frac{{6\sqrt 7 }}{7} = 0\)\( \Leftrightarrow BM = \frac{{6\sqrt 7 }}{7}\) hay \(BM = \frac{6}{7}BC\).
Đáp án: a) Sai; b) Đúng; c) Sai; d) Sai.