1. Giải phương trình: căn bậc hai {{x^2} + 3x}
1)Điều kiện: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} + 3x \ge 0\\x - 1 \ge 0\\\frac{{{x^2} + 2x - 3}}{x} \ge 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow x \ge 1\)
Phương trình trở thành
\(\begin{array}{l}\sqrt {x\left( {x + 3} \right)} + 2\sqrt {x - 1} - 2x - \sqrt {\frac{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{x}} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {\sqrt {x\left( {x + 3} \right)} - \sqrt {\frac{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{x}} } \right) + \left( {2\sqrt {x - 1} - 2x} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \sqrt {\frac{{x + 3}}{x}} \left( {x - \sqrt {x - 1} } \right) - 2\left( {x - \sqrt {x - 1} } \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {x - \sqrt {x - 1} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {\frac{{x + 3}}{x}} - 2} \right) = 0\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}x - \sqrt {x - 1} = 0\\\sqrt {\frac{{x + 3}}{x}} - 2 = 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \sqrt {x - 1} \,\,\left( 1 \right)\\\sqrt {\frac{{x + 3}}{x}} = 2\,\left( 2 \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
\(\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow {x^2} = x - 1 \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - x + 1 = 0\) (vô nghiệm)
\(\left( 2 \right) \Leftrightarrow \frac{{x + 3}}{x} = 4 \Leftrightarrow x + 3 = 4x \Leftrightarrow x = 1\) (Thoả mãn điều kiện)
2)Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {y + 2} \right) = 4\\{\left( {x + 1} \right)^2} + {\left( {y + 2} \right)^2} = 8\end{array} \right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = x + 1\\b = y + 2\end{array} \right.\) ta được hệ \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a.b = 4\\{a^2} + {b^2} = 8\end{array} \right.\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}ab = 4\\{\left( {a + b} \right)^2} - 2ab = 8\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}ab = 4\\{\left( {a + b} \right)^2} = 16\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}ab = 4\\\left[ \begin{array}{l}a + b = 4\\a + b = - 4\end{array} \right.\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}ab = 4\\a + b = 4\end{array} \right.\,\,\,\left( 1 \right)\\\left\{ \begin{array}{l}ab = 4\\a + b = - 4\end{array} \right.\,\left( 2 \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
\(\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b = 2\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = 1\\y = 0\end{array} \right.\)
\(\left( 2 \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = - 2\\b = - 2\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = - 3\\y = - 4\end{array} \right.\)