1. Cho hai số \(a,\,b\) thoả mãn các điều kiện \(a.b = 1,\,\,a + b \ne 0\). Rút gọn biểu thức:
1)Ta có: \({a^2} + {b^2} + 2 = {\left( {a + b} \right)^2}\)
Nên
\(\begin{array}{l}Q = \frac{1}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^3}}}\left( {\frac{1}{{{a^3}}} + \frac{1}{{{b^3}}}} \right) + \frac{3}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^4}}}\left( {\frac{1}{{{a^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{b^2}}}} \right) + \frac{6}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^4}}}\\ = \frac{{{a^3} + {b^3}}}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^3}}} + \frac{{3\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right)}}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^4}}} + \frac{6}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^4}}}\\ = \frac{{\left( {{a^3} + {b^3}} \right)\left( {a + b} \right) + 3\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 6}}{{{{\left( {a + b} \right)}^4}}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{{a^4} + {b^4} + ab\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 3\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 6}}{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}\\ = \frac{{{a^4} + {b^4} + 4\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 6}}{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)
\[\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{\left( {{a^4} + {b^4} + 2{a^2}{b^2}} \right) + 4\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 4}}{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}\\ = \frac{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right)}^2} + 4\left( {{a^2} + {b^2}} \right) + 4}}{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} = \frac{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}{{{{\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + 2} \right)}^2}}}\\ = 1\end{array}\]
2)\(P = \sqrt {{x^2} + 1} \sqrt {{y^2} + 1} + xy - \left( {x\sqrt {{y^2} + 1} + y\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} } \right) = \sqrt {{x^2} + 1} \sqrt {{y^2} + 1} + xy - \sqrt {15} \)
Đặt \(\begin{array}{l}M = \sqrt {{x^2} + 1} \sqrt {{y^2} + 1} + xy \Rightarrow {M^2} = \left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\left( {{y^2} + 1} \right) + {x^2}{y^2} + 2xy\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} .\sqrt {{y^2} + 1} \\ = 2{x^2}{y^2} + {x^2} + {y^2} + 1 + 2xy\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} .\sqrt {{y^2} + 1} \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^2}\left( {{y^2} + 1} \right) + {y^2}\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right) + 2x\sqrt {{y^2} + 1} .y\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} + 1\\ = {\left( {x\sqrt {{y^2} + 1} + y\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} } \right)^2} + 1\end{array}\)
\( = 16 \Rightarrow M = 4\). Vậy \(P = 4 - \sqrt {15} \).