(1,5 điểm) Cho hai biểu thức:
1) Thay \(x = 16\) (thoả mãn đk) vào biểu thức \[A\] ta được: \(A = \frac{{16 - 9}}{{16 - 3\sqrt {16} }} = \frac{7}{4}\).
2) Với \(x > 0;x \ne 9\) ta có: \[B = \frac{{x + 3}}{{x - 9}} - \frac{1}{{3 - \sqrt x }} + \frac{2}{{\sqrt x + 3}}\]
\[ = \frac{{x + 3}}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} + \frac{{\sqrt x + 3}}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}} + \frac{{2\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}}\]\[ = \frac{{x + 3 + \sqrt x + 3 + 2\sqrt x - 6}}{{\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}}\]
\( = \frac{{x + 3\sqrt x }}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt x \left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)}}\)\( = \frac{{\sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x - 3}}\)
Vậy \(B = \frac{{\sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x - 3}}\) với \(x > 0;x \ne 9\) . (đpcm)
3) Ta có: \[P = A.B = \frac{{x - 9}}{{x - 3\sqrt x }}.\frac{{\sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x - 3}} = \frac{{\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 3} \right)\sqrt x }}{{\sqrt x {{\left( {\sqrt x - 3} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{\sqrt x + 3}}{{\sqrt x - 3}}\]
Do đó: \[P < 1 \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sqrt x + 3}}{{\sqrt x - 3}} < 1\]
\[\frac{{\sqrt x + 3}}{{\sqrt x - 3}} - 1 < 0\]
\[\frac{6}{{\sqrt x - 3}} < 0\]
\[\sqrt x - 3 < 0\]
\[0 < x < 9\]
Do \(x\) nguyên nên \(x \in \left\{ {1;2;3;...;8} \right\}\)
Vậy \(x \in \left\{ {1;2;3;...;8} \right\}\) thì \(P < 1\)