65 câu hỏi
Clear cutting is when large swaths of land are cut (1) ______ all at once.
off
away
down
out
A forestry expert quoted by the Natural Resources Defense Council describes clear cutting as “an ecological trauma that has no precedent in nature (2) _____ for a major volcanic eruption.”
apart
but
other
except
Slash-and-burn agriculture entails cutting down a patch of trees, (3) __________ them and growing crops on the land.
burn
burning
burned
burns
The ash from the (4) _____ trees provides some nourishment for the (5) ______ and the land is weed-free from the burning.
burn
burning
burned
burns
The ash from the (4) _____ trees provides some nourishment for the (5) ______ and the land is weed-free from the burning.
plants
plantation
vegetables
vegetation
For all the talk of what humankind has done to cause destruction to the planet, we should not forget that nature itself is a (1) ________ force, capable of doing damage on a huge scale.
heavy
muscular
powerful
natural
however, we must remember that there are certain species of plant and animal which, quite naturally, (2)__________ off gases that are very harmful to the atmosphere.
take
give
throw
run
The other vital ingredient, though, was the completely natural fog, and who would have thought that could be (3) __________ ?
poisoned
harmful
environmental
chemical
In the early days of the industrial revolution, poets, painters and philosophers described how the polluted (4) __________ skies made them think of the end of the world.
urban
rural
busy
global
Remembering scientists’ pet theory about the dinosaurs (5) __________ out because of a huge volcanic eruption, we were lucky that humankind survived this time.
killing
dying
fading
going
Climate change is caused by the (1) ______ high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide.
absolutely
extremely
interestingly
repeatedly
It is estimated that average global temperatures will rise (2) _______ between two and six degrees by the end of this century
by
with
for
in
We all know the effects could be catastrophic, but are we (3) _______ of the possible solutions?
able
capable
aware
fond
Crazy as it sounds, a group of academics from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, that would pump (4) ____ quantities of toxic chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide, into the atmosphere.
great
enormous
extreme
absolute
The chemicals would form a (5) ____ layer around the Earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the Earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption.
protecting
protected
protective
protection
Which best serves as the title for the passage?
Here is what the future looks like
The immense amount of land being burned.
Climate change helped set the table.
Protecting the world’s biodiversity.
According to paragraph 1, what can be concluded about the Australia’s megafire?
The scientists around the world are puzzled by the scale of the incidence.
The natural habitats in Australia have been transformed beyond recognition.
The modern world has never seen anything quite like these Australia fires.
The accident offers the global citizens a chance to showcase their awareness.
According to paragraph 2, what did Dr. Bradstock imply about the bushfire?
Human is the main catalyst for the Australian fires.
The blazes were not expected to be this bad so soon.
Megablaze of the same scale will happen in half a century.
Climate change would bring more intense wildfires.
The word “unfolding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
evolving
opening
unravelling
happening
The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
evidence
event
magnitude
season
What is the passage mainly about?
Levels of fire in Australia
Australia’s ongoing fire crisis
Australia specialty firefighters
Climate conditions in Australia
According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned by Mr. Greg Allan as weather conditions in Australia on Tuesday EXCEPT __________.
high temperatures
strong winds
low humidity
significant rainfall
In the passage, it is stated by Mr. Allan that ____________
firefighters are too tired and cannot fight fires.
the situation will improve after Tuesday.
there will be little rainfall in the next few months.
it is important that people remain alert.
The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to __________________.
firefighters
signs
bushfires
bush land
The word “respite” in paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to _______________.
reward
rest
delay
success
What does the passage mainly discuss?
Effects of deforestation
History of deforestation
Modern deforestation
Habitat for wildlife
What does the author imply in paragraph 2?
. Deforestation proceeds due to most of the planet’s valuable biodiversity is within forests.
Deforestation is only happening in tropical forests such as the Amazon, which have the greatest concentrations of animal and plant species of any terrestrial ecosystem.
Two-thirds of Earth’s species are affected if deforestation proceeds.
Continuous deforestation can put increasing numbers of these species on the edge of extinction.
What does the word “This” in paragraph 3 refer to?
Forest clearing
Selective logging
Fires
Forest
Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 3?
There is some interaction between effects of forest clearing, selective logging, and fires.
Selective logging makes it more vulnerable for the forest to catch fire from adjacent agricultural lands.
Forest can become progressively more open when wildfires, logging, and droughts continue.
Burning of tropical forests is generally a seasonal phenomenon, so it does not severely impact air quality.
The word “significant” in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by ______.
notifiable
insatiable
noticeable
inseparable
Paragraph 4 mentions all of the following information EXCEPT ______.
Disastrous landslides convert the deforested land into the form of steep mountain hillsides.
Landslides that destroy fields, homes, and human lives are due to the combination of steep slopes, high rainfall, and the lack of tree roots to bind the soil.
Soil in many humid forests becomes very poor in nutrients because the forests have been cleared, and are soon abandoned.
The nutrients contained in vegetation are burned and fly away, or are washed away by rain.
What does the phrase “genetic bottlenecks” mostly mean?
A change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns
A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species
The body’s response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens
What is the author’s attitude to the matter mentioned in the passage?
Admiration
Criticism
Neutral
Sarcasm
What does the passage mainly discuss?
The definition of deforestation.
The negative impacts of deforestation.
The reasons why deforestation occurs frequently.
The effective solutions to solve the deforestation all over the world.
The word “indigenous” in the first paragraph probably means _________.
foreign
agrarian
native
mountainous
Which of the following is NOT stated as the reason of deforestation in paragraph 2?
cutting trees for wood
ranching cattle
cultivating
hunting for food.
What does the word “others” in the third paragraph refer?
canopy
species
rainforest
trees
The following are negative effects of deforestation, EXCEPT __________.
Myriad flora and fauna species have been eradicated before we discover them.
The alteration of temperature in a complete day is becoming more radical due to the loss of trees.
The soil is infertile to grow crops because of the shortage of rain and erosion.
More and more animals have to find a place of refuge under the canopy of leaves.
The word “perpetuate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
maintain
stop
prevent
start
Coastal regions are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of regions that ________.
are easy to be vulnerable in a storm surge.
are left behind because of the reduction of forests.
are not much influenced by flood.
often experience droughts or erosion.
The paragraph following the last paragraph in the passage may probably discuss _______.
a number of disadvantages that deforestation puts local people at.
some drastic measures that should be taken to deal with deforestation.
the reality of deforestation in some specific countries.
some scientists’ perspectives about deforestation.
Which best serves as the title for the passage?
The adverse effects of light pollution.
One does not simply adapt to noise pollution.
Birds do not habituate to artificial environment.
Noise pollution creates havoc for birds.
The word “reproducing” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
procreating
cultivating
spawning
replicating
The word “mask” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
enhance
disguise
protect
obscure
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _____.
noise
behaviour
information
communication
According to paragraph 3, what is NOT mentioned as an anthropogenic threat to birds?
Noise generated by human activity.
Habitat clearance and fragmentation.
Hunting, trapping and intoxicating.
Industrial farming with chemical pesticides.
According to paragraph 5, what did the research find out from the experiment?
Excessive noise can damage children’s ability to learn.
Man-made noise doesn’t prevent birds from communicate properly.
Bird song structure enables birds to assess their opponents.
Complexity of their songs is used for claiming territory.
Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
The surrounding noise always enhances the meaning of birdsong.
The mechanism of bird singing holds two important functions.
In the UK, 20% of the animals and plants are on the brink of extinction.
The Queen’s University Belfast’s report has no actual significance.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Human-made noise may have implications for the survival and population numbers of birds.
Unsustainable exploitation of the natural world threatens food and water security of birds.
Noise pollution generally receives less attention than water quality and air quality issues.
Different breeds of birds have distinguished response pattern for the same type of noise.
Which best serves as the title for the passage?
The self-fulfilling prophecy.
The fire that no one expected.
The Australian megafire’s impact.
Transforming the unique landscape.
The word “razed” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
destroyed
smoldered
bulldozed
kindled
The word “It” in paragraph 1 refers to _____.
Land
Capacity
Figure
Wildlife
The word “unprecedented” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
unrivaled
unexampled
atypical
original
According to paragraph 3, how are the koalas and kangaroos killed in the NSW event?
They are preyed on by the carnivores.
They are hunted by opportunistic poachers.
They are too traumatized to function properly.
They are killed directly by the fires.
According to paragraph 4, what is the problem for the “other animals” that makes them different from koalas or kangaroos?
If their habitats are destroyed, they are a goner.
They have more difficult recovering conditions.
They had it worse than the others due to low heat-resistance.
If their populations are too low, they will be neglected.
The following statements are true, EXCEPT________.
Some species don’t die from the flames or smoke, but instead from the fire’s aftermath.
Every corner of the world has been impacted by the bushfire originating from Australia.
The true number of animals being affected by the incidence is higher than half a billion.
Flames, food and predators are all listed as reasons for the suffering of many animals.
What will the next paragraph possibly discuss?
Balance as the built-in attribute of ecosystems.
Animals’ preparation for natural disasters.
The depletion of natural resources.
The possibility of animals’ recovery.
Which of the following could be the best tittle of the passage?
Plastic pollution – Problems and solutions.
Harmful effects of plastic bags on the environment.
Plastic pollution – What should we do?
Plastic bags – New threat for the environment.
What is the synonym of the word “repercussions” in the first paragraph?
situation
interference
contamination
consequence
According to the second paragraph, what is NOT true about the reality of plastic bags?
The more population a country has, the more complicated the plastic pollution is.
Plastic bags are often used because of their convenience.
Importing plastic waste from developed countries makes the problem more sophisticated.
The governments do not prohibit the use of plastic bags at the stores.
The following are the negative effects of plastic bags on the environment, EXCEPT ______.
They make water, soil and air polluted.
Marine animals may die because of eating plastic bags.
It takes plastic bags a very long time to be biodegraded.
People do not live long enough to check whether plastic bags are decomposed or not.
The word “intact” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______________.
undamaged
broken
harmful
dangerous
According to the passage, petroleum is described as a resource that _____________.
increases the cost of products.
is wasted on many energy demands of life.
is indispensable in almost all activities of the modern world.
is replaced by other alternatives in producing plastic bags.
What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
the cashier
the bag
the shopping
a good substitute
What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?
Plastic bags should be limited as much as possible to save the Earth from their harmful impacts.
Each individual should reuse their plastic bags to save money for other purchases.
The governments should cooperate with every citizen in cleaning the plastic bags in the polluted oceans.
It is easier to keep the environment clean at first than to save it after it is polluted.