62 câu hỏi
Noise pollution makes us talk (1)______ and become angry more easily.
quieter
louder
quicker
sweeter
Sometimes the polluted air is (2)________thick that it is like a quilt over a city.
so
too
very
really
Factories must now (3)______ their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t let dirty smoke go into the air.
freshen
boil
clear
clean
We (4)_______ put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground.
need
might
can
ought
We can go to work by bus with our friends in the (5)________car.
similar
same
different
separate
Too much light pollution has (1) __________effects on people.
positive
negative
helpful
essential
With respect to adverse health effects, many species, (2) ___________humans, are dependent on natural body cycles, and the production of melatonin, which are regulated by light and dark (e.g., day and night).
especially
generally
extremely
additionally
If humans are exposed to light (3) ________sleeping, melatonin production can be affected.
whereas
whenever
though
while
And ties are being (4) ________ to a couple of types of cancer.
founded
found
invented
located
Heath effects are not only due to over-illumination or excessive (5) ________of light over time, but also improper spectral composition of light.
introduction
contact
exposure
coverage
On-the-go lifestyles require easily (1) ___________ products, such as soda cans or bottles of water, but the accumulation of these products has led to increasing amounts of plastic pollution around the world.
usable
needless
thrown
disposable
As plastic is composed of major (2) ______________ pollutants, it has the potential to cause great harm to the environment in the form of air, water and land pollution.
deadly
harmless
industrial
toxic
Put simply, plastic pollution is when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to (3) _________ impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, wildlife and even human population.
frankly
immediately
negatively
probably
Plastic is an incredibly useful material, but it is also made from toxic compounds known to cause illness, and because it is meant for (4) _______, it is not biodegradable.
durability
length
timeless
permanence
Also, try to (5) ______ bringing plastic bags at home and purchasing items with too much of packing.
avoid
refuse
prevent
skip
Industrialization has provided us with material comfort and modem (1) ____.
convenient
convenience
conveniences
inconveniences
They (2) ____ burn a hole in the earth’s atmosphere and we, on the Earth,
truly
hardly
already
practically
suffer from the strong radiation (3) ____ by the sun’s rays.
emit
emits
emitting
emitted
Household (4) ____ like refrigerators, aerosol cans, air-conditioners and styrofoam containers contain ozone depleting chemicals.
things
items
pieces
amounts
As a result, the temperature on the Earth will (5) ____.
raise
raising
rise
rising
To this can be (1) ____ further impacts from exposure to indoor air pollutants such as radon and second-hand smoke.
afforded
calculated
contributed
added
The health problems resulting from exposure to air pollution also have a (2) ____ cost to society and business, our health services, and people who suffer from illness and premature death.
expensive
great
high
average
Vulnerable people are prisoners of air pollution, having to stay indoors and limit their (3) ____when pollution levels are high.
activity
motion
vocation
doing
This is not only unjust; it carries a cost to these individuals and the community from missed work and school, from more health problems (4) ____ lack of exercise, and from social isolation.
resulting in
regardless of
just as
due to
Taking action will reduce pain, suffering and demands on the National Health Service (NHS), while (5) ____ people back to work, learning, and an active life.
making
getting
forcing
turning
This passage is mainly about ________________.
the rise in demand for better lighting
how light pollutes the environment
the toxic substances plants and insects produce under light
decreasing the amount of light pollution
All of the following impact the ecological dynamics EXCEPT ______________.
light’s confusing animal navigation
animals’ altering competitive interactions
predator-prey relations changing
wildlife’s inability to reproduce
Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
Reducing lighting at night is beneficial.
Wildlife needs less light than we may think.
Reducing lighting is a necessity.
There are different light wave lengths.
The phrase “interfere with” in the passage can be used interchangeably with __________.
go with
decrease
prevent
hold
The writer’s tone in the passage is __________________.
critical
negative
neutral
positive
Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
Sea level within U.S. coastal communities
Sea level and emissions from human activity
Sea level is rising at an increasing rate
Sea level and its effects on the world’s 10 largest cities
The word “deadly” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
huge
lethal
fast
rainy
What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
Storms will become more deadly and destructive.
Nuisance flooding is becoming more and more frequent.
Coastal communities in U.S suffer from less flooding than 50 years ago.
Storm surges push farther inland, and are 3 to 9 times more frequent within U.S.
What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
water
sea level
ocean
ice
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
Sea levels will likely rise for many centuries at rates of the current century.
40 percent of the population of the U.S lives in densely populated coastal areas.
Sea level plays no role in flooding, shoreline erosion, and hazards from storms.
Sea level rise will only affect the world’s 10 largest cities near the coast.
The word “relatively” in the paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______.
comparatively
responsibly
extremely
accurately
Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph?
Sea level rise are different from location to location due to many factors.
Sea level rise only depends on whether the land is still rebounding from the compressive weight of Ice Age glaciers.
Virtually all human infrastructure except roads, bridges, subways, water supplies, oil and gas wells, power plants, sewage treatment plants, landfills is at risk from sea level rise.
Sea level rise may be regionally various but it still threatens infrastructure necessary for local jobs and regional industries in urban setting.
Which of the following is the passage likely extracted from?
Sci-fi document
Research record
Scientific magazine
Weather forecast
There has been greater focus on the dangers of second-hand smoke since .
the government accepted it as a great welfare issue
overwhelming proof of its dangers emerged
people realized the irritation it caused to eyes, nose and throat
so many people ignored the warnings
Sidestream smoke
has a higher proportion of dangerous chemicals than inhaled smoke
contains 4,000 chemicals, 60 of which are known to cause cancer
contains 85% of the chemicals found in inhaled smoke
increases the risk of cancer to 60%
The highlighted word "it" in the passage refers to
the room
a cigarette
toxic
sidestream smoke
Lung cancer______ .
affects 20-30% of non-smokers
is the most common disease in non-smokers that is caused by second-hand smoke
is 20-30% more likely to occur if people are exposed to second-hand smoke
is the risk of only smokers
People exposed to second-hand smoke for 30 minutes ____________.
are 25-50% more likely to get heart disease than people who are unexposed
experience the same reduced blood supply to the heart as that of a smoker
experience a 25-50% reduction in coronary blood supply
inhale 1% of the smoke
In New Zealand, it was discovered that ______________.
people exposed to second-hand smoke are 82% more likely to get a stroke
82% of people exposed to second-hand smoke suffer from a stroke
the risk of stroke to second-hand smoke is 82% of the risk of stroke to smokers
stroke is accepted wildly by the majority of the smokers
The article states that ___________
most asthma attacks are triggered by second-hand smoke.
20% of asthma sufferers are exposed to second-hand smoke.
lung function of asthma sufferers decreases by 20% when exposed to second-hand smoke.
3,4 million people who have asthma smoke.
The highlighted word "immediate" in the passage is closest in meaning to _________
slow
existing
curable
instant
According to the passage, some kind of air pollution ____.
are not introduced into the atmosphere
do not damage the environment
cannot be seen with our naked eyes
do not affect living things seriously
What is the main origin of carbon dioxide in the air?
Living things’ breathing
Manufacturing cars
Building power plants
Burning coals and petrol
What were banned because of their damaging the ozone layer?
Chlorofluorocarbons
Methane and gas
Refrigerants
Aerosol propellants
What is NOT mentioned as a feature of sulfur dioxide?
Creating smog
Causing acid rain
Reflecting light
Warming the Earth up
What has been the main source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide recently?
Human activities
Volcanic eruptions
Forest fires
Earthquakes
What does the word "the compound” in the last paragraph refer to?
carbon dioxide
methane
chlorofluorocarbons
sulfur dioxide
What is the word "exaggerated" in the last sentence closest in meaning to?
overdone
understated
overestimated
over-invested
What is the text about?
Ocean pollution
Air pollutants
Tropical environment
How to reduce pollution
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem caused by noise?
sleeplessness
loss of appetite
distraction
lost productivity
The author explains the concept of interfering with others’ use and enjoyment of a common by ______.
comparing it to another common negative experience.
pointing out ways in which people, businesses, organizations interfere with other’ rights.
explaining that sometimes this interference is intentional and sometimes unintentional.
giving examples of various forms of commons and of ways people interfere with them
The author of the passage implies that secondhand noise pollution ______.
is not as damaging physically as noise that one generates oneself.
damages a person’s health as much as secondhand smoke.
makes people both the cause and the victim of noise pollution.
is usually more annoying because it is out of one’s control
The word “which” in paragraph 4 refers to _____.
air
noise
an individual
a group
Secondhand noise and secondhand smoke are similar in that _____.
we are both their cause and victim
they are generated by others
they are equally damaging physically
they belong to everyone
The word “disregard” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
disable
discount
ignore
notice
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the negative effects that noise pollution has on people?
the volume of the sound
the time when the sound is heard
the source of the sound
the combination of one sound and another
In the last paragraph, the author mentions a 21-gun salute as an example of _____.
a particularly irritating form of noise pollution.
a type of noise pollution that can cause physical damage and fright.
a loud noise that most people tolerate on a special occasion.
a noise that is much more annoying than soft music.