50 CÂU HỎI
Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid. The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These in turn could have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming of the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet. Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world’s industrialized countries. Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyotoin Japanin 1997. There it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions. It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation. Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering. The word “alarmingly” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. disapprovingly
B. disappointingly
C. surprisingly
D. worryingly
According to the passage, agriculture could ____.
A. make the global warming more serious
B. be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises
C. give rise to many ecological disasters
D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature
Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____.
A. are emitted by car engines
B. trap heat from the sun
C. do not add to atmosphere pollution
D. are unusual gases
According to the passage, 1997 witnessed ____.
A. the largest number of summits on the subject of climate change
B. the most important summit on climate change taking place in Kyoto, Japan
C. the highest attendance by representatives from 180 industrialised countries
D. widespread concern about climate change
It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global warming are ____.
A. countries with the warmest climate
B. developing countries
C. developed countries
D. the most industrialized countries
The word “There” in paragraph 5 refers to ____.
A. the world’s industrialized countries
B. regular summits on climate change
C. the most industrialized countries
D. the 1997 summit in Kyoto, Japan
Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect.
B. The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases.
C. The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation.
D. Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Many flowering plants woo insect pollinators and gently direct them to their most fertile blossoms by changing the color of individual flowers from day to day. Through color cues, the plant signals to the insect that it would be better off visiting one flower on its bush than another. The particular hue tells the pollinator that the flower is full of far more pollen than are neighboring blooms. That nectar-rich flower also happens to be fertile and ready to disperse its pollen or to receive pollen the insect has picked up from another flower. Plants do not have to spend precious resources maintaining reservoirs of nectar in all their flowers. Thus, the color-coded communication system benefits both plants and insects. For example, on the lantana plant, a flower starts out on the first day as yellow, when it is rich with pollen and nectar. Influenced by an asyet-unidentified environmental signal, the flower changes color by triggering the production of the pigment anthromyacin. It turns orange on the second day and red on the third. By the third day, it has no pollen to offer insects and is no longer fertile. On any given lantana bush, only 10 to 15 per cent of the blossoms are likely to be yellow and fertile. But in tests measuring the responsiveness of butterflies, it was discovered that the insects visited the yellow flowers at least 100 times more than would be expected from haphazard visitation. Experiments with paper flowers and painted flowers demonstrated that the butterflies were responding to color cues rather than, say, the scent of the nectar. In other types of plants, blossoms change from white to red, others from yellow to red, and so on. These color changes have been observed in some 74 families of plants. The first paragraph of the passage implies that insects benefit from the color-coded communication system because __________
A. they can gather pollen efficiently.
B. the colors hide them from predators.
C. the bright colors attract fertile females.
D. other insect species can not understand the code.
The word “woo” is closest in meaning to __________
A. frighten
B. trap
C. deceive
D. attract
The word “it” refers to __________
A. a plant
B. a blossom
C. an insect
D. a signal
Which of the following describes the sequence of color changes that lantana blossom undergo?
A. Red to purple
B. Yellow to orange to red
C. Red to yellow to white
D. White to red
The word “triggering” is closest in meaning to __________
A. maintaining
B. renewing
C. activating
D. limiting
The passage implies that insects would be most attracted to lantana blossoms __________
A. on the first day that they bloom
B. after they produce anthromyacin
C. when they turn orange
D. on the third day that they bloom
The word “haphazard” is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. Fortunate
B. Expected
C. Dangerous
D. Random
The topic of this passage is ___________.
A. infants and allergies
B. food and nutrition
C. eactions to foods
D. a good diet
According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to ___________.
A. the vast number of different foods we eat
B. lack of a proper treatment plan
C. the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
D. the use of prepared formula to feed babies
The word "symptoms" is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. prescriptions
B. diet
C. diagnosis
D. indications
What can be inferred about babies from this passage?
A. They can eat almost anything.
B. They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
C. They gain little benefit from being breast fed.
D. They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ___________ .
A. lack of teeth
B. poor metabolism
C. inability to swallow solid foods
D. underdeveloped
The word "these" refers to ___________.
A. food additives
B. food colorings
C. innutritious foods
D. foods high in salicylates
Which of the following was a suggested treatment for migraines in the passage?
A. Using Vitamin B in addition to a good diet
B. Avoiding all Oriental foods
C. Getting plenty of sodium nitrate
D. Eating more ripe bananas
According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT ___________.
A. available in book form
B. verified by researchers as being consistently effective
C. beneficial for hyperactive children
D. designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Fungi are a group of organisms that, despite being plants, have no leaves or flowers. In fact, fungi do not even share the green colour that most other plants display. Scientists estimate that there are over 1.5 million different species of fungi in the world. Though, to date, only 100.000 have been identified, leaving many more that have not been found. One interesting feature of fungi is that they often interact with oilier organisms in order to survive. These relationships are at times beneficial to both organisms. Other times, the fungus benefits without causing harm to the other organism. Many types of fungus have beneficial relationships with plants. Initially many gardeners would be concerned to know that their plants were colonised by a fungus. This is because some fungi can cause plants to die. In fact, the Irish potato famine was caused by a fungus that killed entire crops of potatoes. However, many plants actually depend on certain types of fungi to help it stay healthy. Fungi are important to plants because they help plants absorb more minerals from the soil than they could on their own. The reason for this has to do with how fungi obtain food. Unlike green plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They must absorb their food. When the fungi absorb minerals from the soil, they draw the nutrients closer to the roots of the plants, so the plant is able to use them as well. The fungus also benefits from this relationship. Using the minerals from the soil, as well as sunlight, the plants is able to produce sugars and other nutrients. Then the fungus absorbs the nutrients from plant roots and uses them to survive. Not all relationships are beneficial for both organisms: in some interactions, only the fungus benefits. Still, for some fungus species, contact with other organisms is essential. And though the fungi do not provide any benefits for the other organism, they do not harm it either. One example of this is a species called Pilobolus. This fungus relies on other animals to help it reproduce. The Pilobolus grows in animal dung. When it becomes mature, it shoots its spores away from the dung pile. The spores land in the grass where cows graze. The spores are consumed by the animal but do not grow while inside the stomach. They travel through the body of the animal until they are passed and deposited in another area, where they continue to grow. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that___________
A. Many species of fungi have yet to be discovered
B. Fungi do harm to the organism they interact with
C. Fungi can have green or dull brown colors
D. There are 100,000 species of fungi left no identity
The word "absorb" in the passage 2 is closest in meaning to_________
A. consume
B. get in
C. deprive
D. take in
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is not true about fungus growing on or near plants?
A. It can help maintain in the plant’s health
B. It neither benefits nor harms the plant
C. It is sometimes dangerous for plants
D. It grows near the roots of the plant
The word "them" in the passage 2 refers to_________.
A. minerals
B. plant roots
C. fungi
D. nutrients
The author discusses cows and horses in paragraph 3 in order to_________
A. illustrate how fungus can be harmful
B. explain how a type of fungus reproduces
C. give examples of animals that eat fungu
D. show that fungus can be found anywhere
According to the passage 3, Pilobolus fungus___________
A. doesn’t benefit from its relationship with animals
B. needs other organisms in order to reproduce
C. matures inside the stomachs of cows and horses
D. causes horses and cows to become ill
The word "graze" in the passage is closest in meaning to_________.
A. eat
B. live
C. view
D. grow
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Traditional methods of teaching no longer suffice in this techological world. Currently there are more than 100,000 computers in schoolrooms in the United States. Students mediocre and bright alike, from the first stage through high school not only are not intimidated by my computers, but have become avid participants in the computer epoch. Kids operating computer implement their curriculum with great versatility. A music student can program musical notes so that the computer will play Beethoven or the Beatles. For a biology class, the computer can produce a picture of the intricate envisage human biology in a profound way. A nuclear reactor is no longer an enigma to students who can see its workings in minute detail on a computer. In Wisconsi, the Chippewa Indians are studying their ancient and almost forgotten language with the aid of a computer. More commonly, the computer is used for drilling math and language concepts so that youngsters may learn at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers. The simplest computers aid the handicapped, who learn more rapidly from the computer than from humans. Once irksome, remedial drills and exercises now on computer are conducive to learning because the machine responds to correct answers with praise and to incorrect answers with frowns and even an occasional tear. Adolescents have become so exhilarated by computers that they have developed their own jargon, easily understood by their peers but leaving their disconcerted parents in the dark. They have shown so much fervor for computer that they have formed computer clubs, beguile their leisure hours in computer stores, and even attend computer camps. A Boy Scout can get a computer merit badge. One ingenious young student devised a computer game for Atari will earn him $100,000 in royalties This is definitely the computer age. Manufacturers of computers are presently getting tax write – offs for donating equipment to colleges and universities and are pushing for legislation to obtain further deductions for contributions to elementary and high school. Furthermore, the price of computer for home or office is being sold for less than $100. At that price every class in the country will soon have computer kids. The expression “traditional methods of teaching” is the first sentence refers to ______
A. technological methods of teaching
B. teachers who punish students for not learning
C. teachers, textbooks and class drills
D. teaching the three Rs i.e readung, wrting and arithmetic
In order to operate a computer, a student does not have to be _______
A. in grade school
B. versatile
C. especially bright
D. musica
Today’s students with the aid of computer__________
A. try to confuse their parents
B. have more trouble learning
C. can understand more complex concepts
D. build nuclear reactors
When the author says parents are “left in the dark”, he means that they ____________
A. didn’t pay the electrical bill
B. don’t understand
C. have deficient eyesight
D. go out at night
Computers are used most for ________
A. Boy Scout merit badges
B. scientific subjects
C. language instruction
D. drills and exercises
According to the passage, one exceedingly clever student has ___________
A. overcome a handicap
B. learned an Idian language
C. invented a video game
D. played music on a computer
It can be inferred from the passage that _____________
A. computers are difficult to operate
B. students today have to be smarter than their parents
C. computer make learning today easier than it was in the past
D. anyone who can operate a computer is an genius
The price of a computer is now _____________
A. within the range of most schools’ budget
B. too high for most schools
C. higher than ever before
C. higher than ever before D. preventing school from buying computers
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2-3) ?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C. Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of life is an education.
The word “bounds” in line 5 is closest in meaning to ........
A. rules
B. experience
C. limits
D. exceptions
The word “ integral” in line 13 is closest in meaning to .....
A. equitable
B. profitable
C. pleasant
D. essential
The word “they” in line 17 refers to ......
A. slices of reality
B. similar textbooks
C. boundaries
D. seats
The phrase “For example,” line 19, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ........
A. similar textbooks
B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government
D. the boundaries of classroom subjects
The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
The passage is organized by ...........
A. listing and discussing several educational problems
B. contrasting the meanings of two related words
C. narrating a story about excellent teachers
D. giving examples of different kinds of schools
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Birds
B. Insects
C. Flowers
D. Perfume
The orchid is unique because of ......
A. the habitat in which it lives
B. the structure of its blossom
C. the variety of products that can be made from it
D. the length of its life
The word "fused" in line 2 is closest in meaning to .........
A. combined
B. hidden
C. fertilized
D. produced
How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?
A. 200
B. 2,000
C. 20,000
D. 200,000
Which of the following is a kind of petal?
A. The column
B. The sepal
C. The stem
D. The labellum
The “labellum” (line 7) is most comparable to ........
A. a microscope
B. an obstacle course
C. an airport runway
D. a racetrack
