Tính các giới hạn sau: (a) lim n → + ∞ ( √ n^2 + 3 n − n ) ;

a) \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to + \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{n^2} + 3n} - n} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to + \infty } \frac{{\left( {{n^2} + 3n} \right) - {n^2}}}{{\sqrt {{n^2} + 3n} + n}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to + \infty } \frac{{3n}}{{\sqrt {{n^2} + 3n} + n}}\]

\[ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to + \infty } \frac{{3n}}{{n\sqrt {1 + \frac{3}{n}} + n}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to + \infty } \frac{3}{{\sqrt {1 + \frac{3}{n}} + 1}} = \frac{3}{2}.\]

b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{\sqrt {4x + 5} - 2x - 3}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} - 2x - 3} \right)\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}}\)

\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{4x + 5 - {{\left( {2x + 3} \right)}^2}}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{ - 4{x^2} - 8x - 4}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}}\)

\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{ - 4\left( {{x^2} + 2x + 1} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{ - 4{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{{\left( {x + 1} \right)}^2}\left( {\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3} \right)}}\)

\( = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{ - 4}}{{\sqrt {4x + 5} + 2x + 3}} = \frac{{ - 4}}{{\sqrt {4.\left( { - 1} \right) + 5} + 2.\left( { - 1} \right) + 3}} = - 2\).