Thực hiện phép tính (tính hợp lí nếu có thể): a) 2/5 - 1/5 . 3/ - 4
a) \(\frac{2}{5} - \frac{1}{5} \cdot \frac{3}{{ - 4}}\)
\( = \frac{2}{5} - \frac{3}{{ - 20}}\)
\( = \frac{8}{{20}} + \frac{3}{{20}}\)
\( = \frac{{11}}{{20}}.\)
b) \[\left( { - 12,5} \right) + 17,55 + \left( { - 3,5} \right) - \left( { - 2,45} \right)\]
\[ = \left[ {\left( { - 12,5} \right) + \left( { - 3,5} \right)} \right] + \left[ {17,55 - \left( { - 2,45} \right)} \right]\]
\[ = \left( { - 16} \right) + \left[ {17,55 + 2,45} \right]\]
\[ = \left( { - 16} \right) + 20\]
\[ = 4.\]
c) \(\frac{{ - 3}}{5}:\frac{7}{5} - \frac{3}{5}:\frac{7}{5} + 2\frac{3}{5}\)
\( = \frac{{ - 3}}{5} \cdot \frac{5}{7} - \frac{3}{5} \cdot \frac{5}{7} + 2 + \frac{3}{5}\)
\[ = \frac{5}{7} \cdot \left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{5} - \frac{3}{5}} \right) + 2 + \frac{3}{5}\]
\[ = \frac{5}{7} \cdot \frac{{ - 6}}{5} + 2 + \frac{3}{5}\]
\[ = \frac{{ - 6}}{7} + 2 + \frac{3}{5}\]
\[ = \frac{{ - 30}}{{35}} + \frac{{70}}{{35}} + \frac{{21}}{{35}}\]
\[ = \frac{{61}}{{35}}.\]
d) \[1\frac{{13}}{{15}} \cdot {\left( {0,5} \right)^2} \cdot 3 + \left( {40\% - 1\frac{{19}}{{60}}} \right):1\frac{7}{8}\]
\( = \frac{{28}}{{15}} \cdot {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} \cdot 3 + \left( {\frac{2}{5} - \frac{{79}}{{60}}} \right):\frac{{15}}{8}\)
\( = \frac{{28}}{{15}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} \cdot 3 + \left( {\frac{{24}}{{60}} - \frac{{79}}{{60}}} \right) \cdot \frac{8}{{15}}\)
\[ = \frac{7}{5} + \frac{{ - 55}}{{60}} \cdot \frac{8}{{15}}\]
\[ = \frac{7}{5} + \frac{{ - 22}}{{45}}\]
\[ = \frac{{63}}{{45}} + \frac{{ - 22}}{{45}} = \frac{{41}}{{43}}.\]