Đáp án D

Phương pháp:

\(\tan \left( {a + b} \right) = \frac{{\tan a + \tan b}}{{1 - \tan a\tan b}},\,\,\,\tan \left( {a - b} \right) = \frac{{\tan a - \tan b}}{{1 + \tan a\tan b}}\)

Cách giải:

\(\tan \frac{\pi }{{12}} = \tan \left( {\frac{\pi }{4} - \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \frac{{\tan \frac{\pi }{4} - \tan \frac{\pi }{6}}}{{1 + \tan \frac{\pi }{4}\tan \frac{\pi }{6}}} = \frac{{1 - \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}}}{{1 + 1.\frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}}} = \frac{{\sqrt 3 - 1}}{{\sqrt 3 + 1}} = \frac{{{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt 3 + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{4 - 2\sqrt 3 }}{2} = 2 - \sqrt 3 \)

Phương trình đã cho tương đương với:

\({\left( {\frac{{2 - \sqrt 3 }}{{1 - \left( {2 - \sqrt 3 } \right)}}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} + \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {2 - \sqrt 3 } \right)}}{{1 - \left( {2 - \sqrt 3 } \right)}}.{\left( {\frac{1}{{1 + \left( {2 - \sqrt 3 } \right)}}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} = 2017.{\left( {\frac{1}{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{{\sqrt 3 - 1}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} + \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}.{\left( {\frac{1}{{3 - \sqrt 3 }}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} = 2017.{\left( {\frac{1}{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} + \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}.{\left( {\frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{{1 - \sqrt 3 }}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} = 2017\)

Do \(\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)\left( {\frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{{3 - \sqrt 3 }}} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt {12} }}{{2\sqrt 3 }} = \frac{{\sqrt {12} }}{{2\sqrt 3 }} = 1\) nên đặt \({\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} = t,\,\,\left( {t > 0} \right) \Rightarrow {\left( {\frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{{3 - \sqrt 3 }}} \right)^{\frac{x}{{2017}}}} = \frac{1}{t}\)

\( \Rightarrow t + \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}.\frac{1}{t} = 2017 \Leftrightarrow 2{t^2} - 4034t + \sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right) = 0\,\,\,\left( 1 \right)\)

Giả sử \({t_1},\,{t_2}\) là nghiệm của phương trình (1). Theo Vi ét: \({t_1}{t_2} = \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}\)

Khi đó:

\({\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{{{x_1}}}{{2017}}}}.{\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{{{x_2}}}{{2017}}}} = \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {\left( {\frac{{\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)\sqrt[4]{{12}}}}{2}} \right)^{\frac{{{x_1} + {x_2}}}{{2017}}}} = \frac{{\sqrt[4]{{12}}.\left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{2}\)

\( \Leftrightarrow {x_1} + {x_2} = 2017\)

Số chữ số của số tự nhiên N = 3^2017 là: A. 962 B. 964 C. 961 D. 963