Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

Australia boasts a highly structured and efficient education system, beginning with preschool for children around five or six years old, though the starting age can vary slightly between different states. While preschool is optional and can be part of a school or standalone, primary and secondary education is compulsory, covering the essential learning phase for young Australians.

The country is home to numerous primary and high schools, with a significant majority being public institutions. Public schools accommodate about 60% of students, while private schools serve the remaining 40%. All educational institutions, regardless of their nature, are required to be officially recognized by the government and meet specific standards, including those related to infrastructure and teaching quality.

At the tertiary level, Australian universities are predominantly public and are known for their high standards of education. The national curriculum is designed to ensure consistency in the quality of education across all states, focusing on essential life skills such as literacy, numeracy, and critical thinking, among others. While there might be minor variations in the curriculum from one state to another, these differences are generally minimal.

For those looking to enter the workforce directly, vocational and technical schools offer practical training and education, distinguishing themselves from universities, which are more academically and theory-oriented. These vocational institutions provide a range of courses, from short programs to advanced diplomas, aimed at equipping students with job-ready skills.

Australia's reputation for modern, high-quality education extends to its 43 universities, most of which are public, and over 5,000 registered training organizations. This educational ecosystem not only serves millions of domestic students but also attracts a significant number of international learners. With several Australian universities consistently ranked among the top 100 globally, the country's education system is recognized for its excellence. Additionally, numerous specialized private institutions offer targeted training in areas like business, IT, and healthcare, contributing to the diverse and dynamic educational landscape in Australia.

Question 19: A. While expanding cities B. As cities expand C. Cities are expanding D. Being expanded