Environmental pollution is a term that (1) ________ to all the ways by which

Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

Environmental pollution is a term that (1) ________ to all the ways by which man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, poisons the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with (2) ________ many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings in various other ways. (3) ________, people ruin natural beauty by disposing garbage and waste products on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with (4) ________ noise. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other coastal life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is (5) ________ for growing food.