Khi chuẩn độ đúng:

\({\rm{MnO}}_4^ - (aq) + 8{{\rm{H}}^ + }(aq) + 5{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{2 + }}(aq) \to {\rm{M}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }}(aq) + 5{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{3 + }}(aq) + 4{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}(l)\)

\({\rm{V}}\left( {{\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}} \right)(1): = \frac{{2,2}}{{5 \cdot 0,02}} = 22(\;{\rm{mL}})\)

Khi chuẩn độ sai:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\rm{MnO}}_4^ - (aq) + 4{{\rm{H}}^ + }(aq) + 3{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{2 + }}(aq) \to {\rm{Mn}}{{\rm{O}}_2}(s) + 3{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{3 + }}(aq) + 2{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}(l)\\\,\,\,\,0,6{\rm{x}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm{1,8x}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\rm{MnO}}_4^ - (aq) + 8{{\rm{H}}^ + }(aq) + 5{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{2 + }}(aq) \to {\rm{M}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }}(aq) + 5{\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}^{3 + }}(aq) + 4{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}(l)\\\,\,\,\,0,4{\rm{x}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm{2,0x}}\end{array}\)

Số \({\rm{molF}}{{\rm{e}}^{2 + }}\) phản ứng: \(3,8{\rm{x}} = 2,2 \Rightarrow {\rm{x}} = 0,579({\rm{mmol}})\)

\({\rm{V}}\left( {{\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}} \right)(2):\frac{{0,579}}{{0,02}} = 28,95(\;{\rm{mL}}) \Rightarrow {{\rm{V}}_{{\rm{tang }}}} = 28,95 - 22 = 6,95(\;{\rm{mL}}).\)

a. Dòng điện trong dây dẫn gây bởi sự chuyển động có hướng của các electron.